Valdivia-Salas Sonsoles, Martín-Albo José, Cruz Araceli, Villanueva-Blasco Víctor J, Jiménez Teresa I
Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain.
Department of Psychology, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 22;11:565638. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565638. eCollection 2020.
Empathy is an emotional response that may facilitate prosocial behavior and inhibit aggression by increasing empathic concern for others. But the vicarious experience of other's feelings may also turn into personal distress when the person has poor regulation skills and holds stigmatizing beliefs. In thinking about the processes that may trigger the experience of personal distress or empathic concern, research on the influence of psychological flexibility and inflexibility on stigma is showing promising results. Both processes are assessed with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Stigma (AAQ-S). The current study sought to carry out a validity study of a Spanish version of the AAQ-S with a sample of adolescents aged 11-17 years. The study included an expanded test of its predictive validity with measures at three times to evaluate the role of psychological flexibility and inflexibility as risk or protective variables for the development of personal distress and/or empathic concern in the stigmatizer. Statistical analyses confirmed a two-correlated-factor solution, the adequate reliability of both factors, and their construct and predictive validity in the expected direction. The stigmatizer's inflexible reaction to their stigmatizing thoughts predicted the occurrence of personal distress, whereas the stigmatizer's flexible reaction to their stigmatizing thoughts predicted the occurrence of empathic concern for others. These findings confirm the importance of considering the role of regulatory skills in the experience of empathic concern or personal distress in the presence of stigmatizing thoughts, with possible implications for the promotion of prosocial behavior and the reduction of aggressive behavior among adolescents.
同理心是一种情绪反应，它可能通过增强对他人的同理心关注来促进亲社会行为并抑制攻击性。但是，当一个人调节技能较差且持有污名化信念时，对他人情感的替代性体验也可能转化为个人困扰。在思考可能引发个人困扰或同理心关注体验的过程时，关于心理灵活性和僵化对污名影响的研究显示出了有前景的结果。这两个过程都通过《接纳与行动问卷 - 污名量表》（AAQ - S）进行评估。本研究旨在对11至17岁青少年样本进行AAQ - S西班牙语版本的效度研究。该研究包括对其预测效度的扩展测试，通过三次测量来评估心理灵活性和僵化作为污名者个人困扰和/或同理心关注发展的风险或保护变量的作用。统计分析证实了一个双相关因子解决方案、两个因子的足够可靠性以及它们在预期方向上的结构效度和预测效度。污名者对其污名化想法的僵化反应预测了个人困扰的发生，而污名者对其污名化想法的灵活反应预测了对他人同理心关注的发生。这些发现证实了在存在污名化想法的情况下，考虑调节技能在同理心关注或个人困扰体验中的作用的重要性，这可能对促进青少年的亲社会行为和减少攻击性行为具有启示意义。
