Lozano-Muñoz Ivonne, Wacyk Jurij, Kretschmer Cristina, Vásquez-Martínez Yesseny, Martin Marcelo Cortez-San
Laboratorio de Nutrición, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Región Metropolitana CP 8820808, Chile.
Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Control de Patógenos, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'higgins 3363, Santiago, Región Metropolitana CP 9170022, Chile.
One Health. 2021 Jan 24;12:100219. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100219. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Aquaculture is seen as an essential requirement for improving food security and nutrition. Fish such as salmonids are a primary source of protein and essential nutrients. Aquaculture provide income for communities across the world and have a smaller carbon footprint than terrestrial animal-production systems. However, fish diseases are a constant threat, and the use of antibiotics is a source of concern due to its adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Chilean salmon farming has made several efforts to reduce the use of antibiotics for the eradication of piscirickettsiosis, a disease caused by the gram-negative bacteria . Excessive amounts of antibiotics continue to be used in Chilean aquaculture, playing an important role in the emerging public health crisis of antimicrobial resistance. Without doubt, is becoming increasingly resistant to important frontline antimicrobial classes, with severe implications for the future treatment of infectious human and animal diseases. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria as well as antibiotic residues from salmon production are spreading in the environment, and thus both salmon food commodities and wild organisms can become a source of resistant bacteria that can be transmitted to humans as foodborne contaminants. This urgent threat needs to be addressed by implementing national strategies in compliance with international standards that include both prudent antimicrobial use in marine salmon farms and the investment towards a One Health approach, which combines human, animal and environmental health.
水产养殖被视为改善粮食安全和营养的一项基本要求。鲑科鱼类等鱼类是蛋白质和必需营养素的主要来源。水产养殖为世界各地的社区提供收入，并且其碳足迹比陆地动物生产系统更小。然而，鱼类疾病是一个持续存在的威胁，而抗生素的使用因其对环境和人类健康的不利影响而令人担忧。智利的鲑鱼养殖为减少用于根除由革兰氏阴性菌引起的鱼类立克次氏体病的抗生素使用做出了多项努力。智利水产养殖中仍继续大量使用抗生素，这在抗微生物药物耐药性这一新兴公共卫生危机中发挥着重要作用。毫无疑问， 对重要的一线抗菌药物类别越来越具有耐药性，这对未来人类和动物传染病的治疗产生严重影响。鲑鱼生产中的抗菌药物耐药细菌以及抗生素残留正在环境中扩散，因此鲑鱼食品和野生生物都可能成为耐药细菌的来源，这些细菌可作为食源污染物传播给人类。需要通过实施符合国际标准的国家战略来应对这一紧迫威胁，这些战略包括在海洋鲑鱼养殖场谨慎使用抗菌药物以及投资采用“同一健康”方法，该方法将人类、动物和环境健康结合起来。
