Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar PMB 1115, Nigeria.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 29;18(3):1196. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031196.
Urban dwellers are simultaneously exposed to several environmental health risk factors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM, diameter < 2.5 µm) of residential-wood-burning and road-traffic origin, road-traffic noise, green space around participants' homes, and hypertension. In 2015 and 2016, we conducted a survey of residents of the Helsinki Capital Region to determine their perceptions of environmental quality and safety, lifestyles, and health statuses. Recent antihypertensive medication was used as an indicator of current hypertensive illness. Individual-level exposure was estimated by linking residential coordinates with modelled outdoor levels of wood-smoke- and traffic-related PM, road-traffic noise, and coverage of natural spaces. Relationships between exposure and hypertension were modelled using multi-exposure and single-exposure binary logistic regression while taking smooth functions into account. Twenty-eight percent of the participants were current users of antihypertensive medication. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for antihypertensive use were 1.12 (0.78-1.57); 0.97 (0.76-1.26); 0.98 (0.93-1.04) and 0.99 (0.94-1.04) for wood-smoke PM, road-traffic PM, road-traffic noise, and coverage of green space, respectively. We found no evidence of an effect of the investigated urban exposures on prevalent hypertension in the Helsinki Capital Region.
城市居民同时面临着多种环境健康风险因素。本研究旨在探讨长期暴露于居民燃烧木材和道路交通来源的细颗粒物（PM，直径<2.5 µm）、道路交通噪声、参与者家周围的绿地与高血压之间的关系。2015 年和 2016 年，我们对赫尔辛基大都市区的居民进行了一项调查，以确定他们对环境质量和安全、生活方式和健康状况的看法。最近使用的抗高血压药物被用作当前高血压疾病的指标。通过将居住坐标与模拟的户外木材燃烧和交通相关 PM、道路交通噪声以及自然空间覆盖率相关联，来估计个体水平的暴露程度。在考虑到平滑函数的情况下，使用多暴露和单暴露二元逻辑回归模型来研究暴露与高血压之间的关系。28%的参与者目前正在使用抗高血压药物。抗高血压药物使用的比值比（95%置信区间）分别为 1.12（0.78-1.57）；0.97（0.76-1.26）；0.98（0.93-1.04）和 0.99（0.94-1.04），用于木材燃烧 PM、道路交通 PM、道路交通噪声和绿地覆盖率。我们没有发现所研究的城市暴露对赫尔辛基大都市区普遍存在的高血压有影响的证据。
