Kranjec Christian, Morales Angeles Danae, Torrissen Mårli Marita, Fernández Lucía, García Pilar, Kjos Morten, Diep Dzung B
Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Jan 29;10(2):131. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10020131.
Staphylococci, like and , are common colonizers of the human microbiota. While being harmless in many cases, many virulence factors result in them being opportunistic pathogens and one of the major causes of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. One of these virulence factors is the ability to form biofilms-three-dimensional communities of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS). The EPS is composed of polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA, and is finely regulated in response to environmental conditions. This structured environment protects the embedded bacteria from the human immune system and decreases their susceptibility to antimicrobials, making infections caused by staphylococci particularly difficult to treat. With the rise of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci, together with difficulty in removing biofilms, there is a great need for new treatment strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our current knowledge of the stages of biofilm development and what difficulties may arise when trying to eradicate staphylococcal biofilms. Furthermore, we look into promising targets and therapeutic methods, including bacteriocins and phage-derived antibiofilm approaches.
葡萄球菌与[此处缺失内容1]和[此处缺失内容2]一样，是人类微生物群中常见的定植菌。虽然在许多情况下无害，但许多毒力因子导致它们成为机会性病原体，也是全球医院获得性感染的主要原因之一。其中一种毒力因子是形成生物膜的能力，生物膜是嵌入细胞外聚合物基质（EPS）中的微生物三维群落。EPS由多糖、蛋白质和细胞外DNA组成，并根据环境条件进行精细调节。这种结构化环境保护嵌入其中的细菌免受人体免疫系统的攻击，并降低它们对抗菌药物的敏感性，使得由葡萄球菌引起的感染特别难以治疗。随着耐抗生素葡萄球菌的增加，加上生物膜难以清除，迫切需要新的治疗策略。本综述的目的是概述我们目前对生物膜形成阶段的认识，以及试图根除葡萄球菌生物膜时可能出现的困难。此外，我们还研究了有前景的靶点和治疗方法，包括细菌素和噬菌体衍生的抗生物膜方法。
