Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2021 Apr;5(4):520-529. doi: 10.1038/s41559-021-01389-0. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Protected areas are a key tool in the conservation of global biodiversity and carbon stores. We conducted a global test of the degree to which more than 18,000 terrestrial protected areas (totalling 5,293,217 km) reduce deforestation in relation to unprotected areas. We also derived indices that quantify how well countries' forests are protected, both in terms of forested area protected and effectiveness of protected areas at reducing deforestation, in relation to vertebrate species richness, aboveground forest carbon biomass and background deforestation rates. Overall, protected areas did not eliminate deforestation, but reduced deforestation rates by 41%. Protected area deforestation rates were lowest in small reserves with low background deforestation rates. Critically, we found that after adjusting for effectiveness, only 6.5%-rather than 15.7%-of the world's forests are protected, well below the Aichi Convention on Biological Diversity's 2020 Target of 17%. We propose that global targets for protected areas should include quantitative goals for effectiveness in addition to spatial extent.
保护区是保护全球生物多样性和碳储量的重要工具。我们对全球超过 18000 个陆地保护区（总面积为 5293217 平方公里）相对于无保护区减少森林砍伐的程度进行了全球测试。我们还得出了一些指数，这些指数量化了各国的森林保护程度，包括根据受保护的森林面积和保护区减少森林砍伐的有效性，相对于脊椎动物物种丰富度、地上森林碳生物量和背景森林砍伐率。总的来说，保护区并没有消除森林砍伐，但将森林砍伐率降低了 41%。保护区的森林砍伐率在背景森林砍伐率较低的小保护区中最低。至关重要的是，我们发现，在调整了有效性之后，只有 6.5%——而不是 15.7%——的世界森林得到了保护，远低于生物多样性公约 2020 年的目标 17%。我们建议，保护区的全球目标除了空间范围外，还应包括有效性的量化目标。
