Chang Hui Mei, Foo Hooi Ling, Loh Teck Chwen, Lim Eric Teik Chung, Abdul Mutalib Nur Elina
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Jan 26;7:602280. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.602280. eCollection 2020.
Despite inflammation being a protective natural defense against imbalance stressors in the body, chronic inflammation could lead to the deterioration of immune response, low production, and poor performance in livestock as well as severe economic losses to the farmers. Postbiotics produced by has been reported recently to be a natural source of antioxidant, promoting growth performance, anti-inflammation, and immune responses. However, the effects of fermentation media on the compositions of postbiotic have not been reported elsewhere. Hence, a comparative study was conducted to compare the volatile compounds, organic acid composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of postbiotics produced by six strains of cultivated by using formulated media and the commercial de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium as a control. Postbiotics RG14, RI11, and UL4 produced by using formulated media exhibited higher inhibitory activity against 446, E-30, CS3, and vancomycin-resistant except for LS55. As for the antioxidant activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was enhanced in formulated media, whereas reducing power activity was the highest in postbiotic RI11. Three organic acids, namely, acetic acid, caproic acid, and lactic acid, were detected in the postbiotic produced by various strains. The concentration of acetic acid was influenced by the fermentation media, whereas caproic acid was detected as the highest in postbiotic RG11. Lactic acid was the predominant compound detected in all the postbiotics and had the significantly highest concentration in postbiotic RS5 when produced by using the MRS medium. Intermediary and pyrrole compounds were the other main compounds that were detected by using GC-MS. Positive correlations were found between organic acid production and inhibitory activity, as well as antioxidant activity exhibited by postbiotics. In conclusion, the compositions and functional characteristics of postbiotics produced by the six strains of were strain-dependent and affected greatly by the fermentation medium. The effects of postbiotic composition on the functional characteristics of postbiotics were elucidated in this study to warrant their applications as a promising beneficial natural growth promoter for the livestock industry.
尽管炎症是机体针对体内失衡应激源的一种保护性自然防御机制，但慢性炎症会导致家畜免疫反应恶化、产量降低、性能不佳，给养殖户造成严重的经济损失。最近有报道称，[具体微生物名称]产生的后生元是抗氧化剂的天然来源，可促进生长性能、抗炎和免疫反应。然而，发酵培养基对后生元成分的影响在其他地方尚未见报道。因此，进行了一项比较研究，以比较使用配方培养基和商业德氏、罗格斯和夏普（MRS）培养基作为对照培养的六种[具体微生物名称]菌株产生的后生元的挥发性化合物、有机酸组成以及抗氧化和抗菌活性。使用配方培养基产生的后生元RG14、RI11和UL4对[具体微生物名称]446、E - 30、CS3和耐万古霉素菌表现出较高的抑制活性，但对LS55除外。至于抗氧化活性，配方培养基中羟基自由基清除活性增强，而后生元RI11中的还原能力活性最高。在不同[具体微生物名称]菌株产生的后生元中检测到三种有机酸，即乙酸、己酸和乳酸。乙酸的浓度受发酵培养基的影响，而后生元RG11中己酸的含量最高。乳酸是所有后生元中检测到的主要化合物，使用MRS培养基生产时，后生元RS5中的乳酸浓度显著最高。使用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）检测到的其他主要化合物是中间体和吡咯化合物。发现有机酸产量与后生元表现出的抑制活性以及抗氧化活性之间存在正相关。总之，六种[具体微生物名称]菌株产生的后生元的组成和功能特性因菌株而异，并受发酵培养基的影响很大。本研究阐明了后生元组成对后生元功能特性的影响，以保证其作为畜牧业有前景的有益天然生长促进剂的应用。
