School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China.
Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China.
Int J Mol Med. 2021 Apr;47(4). doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4875. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) may cause myocardial stunning, reperfusion arrhythmia, no‑reflow phenomenon and lethal reperfusion injury, which has a significant effect on the prognosis of patients undergoing thrombolytic agent therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention. Increasing evidence suggests that apoptosis, innate inflammation, oxidative stress, calcium overload and autophagy are involved in the pathogenesis of MIRI. Recent advancements in RNA sequencing technologies and genome‑wide analyses led to the finding of small non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs modulate cellular processes such as signal transduction, transcription, chromatin remodeling and post‑transcriptional modification. The effects of ncRNAs on cellular biology is more considerable than initially expected, and thus ncRNAs have gained increasing attention and focus in modern medical research. There are several types of ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which have been shown to regulate gene expression at the transcription, post‑transcription and epigenetic levels. Dysregulation of ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, may participate in the molecular mechanisms of MIRI. The present review summarizes the characteristics and biological roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, with particular emphasis on their role in MIRI, which show the novel complexity of ischemic hearts and may offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of MIRI.
心肌缺血/再灌注损伤（MIRI）可导致心肌顿抑、再灌注心律失常、无复流现象和致死性再灌注损伤，这对接受溶栓剂治疗和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的患者的预后有重大影响。越来越多的证据表明，细胞凋亡、固有炎症、氧化应激、钙超载和自噬参与了 MIRI 的发病机制。RNA 测序技术和全基因组分析的最新进展发现了小非编码 RNA（ncRNA）。ncRNA 调节细胞过程，如信号转导、转录、染色质重塑和转录后修饰。ncRNA 对细胞生物学的影响比最初预期的更为显著，因此 ncRNA 在现代医学研究中受到越来越多的关注和重视。有几种类型的 ncRNA，如 microRNAs（miRNAs）、长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）和环状 RNA（circRNA），它们已被证明可在转录、转录后和表观遗传水平上调节基因表达。ncRNA 的失调，包括 miRNAs、lncRNAs 和 circRNAs，可能参与 MIRI 的分子机制。本综述总结了 miRNAs、lncRNAs 和 circRNAs 的特征和生物学作用，特别强调了它们在 MIRI 中的作用，这显示了缺血性心脏的新复杂性，并可能为 MIRI 的发病机制提供有价值的见解。
