Department of General Microbiology, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Section of Molecular Microbiology and Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2021 Apr;60:24-33. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.01.007. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
Secondary cell wall polymers fulfil diverse and important functions within the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the principles of teichoic acid and complex secondary cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways in Firmicutes and summarize the recently revised mechanism for the decoration of teichoic acids with d-alanines. Many cell wall polymers are decorated with glycosyl groups, either intracellularly or extracellularly. The main focus of this review will be on the extracellular glycosylation mechanism and recent advances that have been made in the identification of enzymes involved in this process. Based on the proteins involved, we propose to rename the system to multi-component transmembrane glycosylation system in place of three-component glycosylation system.
次生细胞壁聚合物在革兰氏阳性菌细胞壁中发挥着多样化且重要的功能。在这里，我们将简要概述厚壁菌门中天冬氨酸糖醛酸和复杂的次生细胞壁多糖生物合成途径的原理，并总结天冬氨酸糖醛酸的 d-丙氨酸修饰的最新修订机制。许多细胞壁聚合物都被糖基化基团所修饰，无论是在细胞内还是细胞外。本篇综述的主要重点将是细胞外糖基化机制，以及在鉴定该过程中涉及的酶方面的最新进展。基于所涉及的蛋白质，我们建议将该系统重新命名为多组分跨膜糖基化系统，以取代三组分糖基化系统。
