Lam Alfred King-Yin
School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia.
Biomedicines. 2021 Feb 10;9(2):175. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9020175.
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a heterogenous group of diseases with different clinical behaviour between adult and paediatric patients. In addition, three histological variants, oncocytic, myxoid and sarcomatoid are noted on the recent World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of ACC. A review of recent literature showed that the different types of ACC have distinctive demographic data, clinical presentation, pathology, biological behaviour, genomic and patients' prognosis. In addition, recent updates of pathology staging for ACC allow refinement of prognostic grouping for planning treatment of the patients with ACC. These advances in genomic, pathology and staging have driven the development of standardisation of pathology reporting. International standardisation of pathological reporting of adrenocortical carcinoma and adaption to local pathology communities provide universal platforms for clinicians and researchers involved in the management of patients with ACC. To conclude, all these advances in the field of pathology will improve development of management strategies including improvement of clinical care, development of prognostic markers and testing of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma.
肾上腺皮质癌（ACC）是一组异质性疾病，成人和儿童患者的临床行为不同。此外，最近世界卫生组织（WHO）对ACC的分类中指出了三种组织学变体，即嗜酸细胞型、黏液样型和肉瘤样型。对近期文献的回顾表明，不同类型的ACC具有独特的人口统计学数据、临床表现、病理学、生物学行为、基因组学和患者预后。此外，ACC病理分期的最新进展有助于细化预后分组，以规划ACC患者的治疗。基因组学、病理学和分期方面的这些进展推动了病理报告标准化的发展。肾上腺皮质癌病理报告的国际标准化以及对当地病理学界的适应，为参与ACC患者管理的临床医生和研究人员提供了通用平台。总之，病理学领域的所有这些进展将改善管理策略的制定，包括改善临床护理、开发预后标志物以及测试肾上腺皮质癌患者的新型治疗方法。
