细胞外囊泡作为脊髓损伤病理生物学和治疗的新兴前沿。
Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Frontier in Spinal Cord Injury Pathobiology and Therapy.
机构信息
Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Department of Anesthesiology, and Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
出版信息
Trends Neurosci. 2021 Jun;44(6):492-506. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-delimited particles that are secreted by nearly all cell types. EVs mediate crucial physiological functions and pathophysiological processes in the CNS. As carriers of diverse bioactive cargoes (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) that can be modified in response to external stimuli, EVs have emerged as pathological mediators following neurotrauma such as spinal cord injury (SCI). We discuss the roles of endogenous EVs in the CNS as well as crosstalk with peripheral EVs in relation to neurotrauma, with a particular focus on SCI. We then summarize the status of EV-based therapeutic advances in preclinical animal models for these conditions. Finally, we discuss new bioengineering strategies that are poised to enhance CNS-specific therapeutic capabilities of EVs.
摘要
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是由几乎所有细胞类型分泌的膜限定性颗粒。EVs 介导中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中的关键生理功能和病理生理过程。作为多种生物活性货物（如蛋白质、脂质和核酸）的载体，这些货物可以对外界刺激做出反应而被修饰，EVs 在神经创伤（如脊髓损伤 (SCI)）后成为病理介质。我们讨论了内源性 EVs 在 CNS 中的作用以及与神经创伤相关的与外周 EVs 的串扰，特别关注 SCI。然后，我们总结了基于 EV 的治疗方法在这些疾病的临床前动物模型中的进展状况。最后，我们讨论了新的生物工程策略，这些策略有望增强 EV 对 CNS 的治疗能力。
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