Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
Curr Med Sci. 2021 Feb;41(1):14-23. doi: 10.1007/s11596-021-2312-7. Epub 2021 Feb 13.
Last December 2019, a cluster of viral pneumonia cases identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. We aimed to explore the frequencies of nasal symptoms in patients with COVID-19, including loss of smell and taste, as well as their presentation as the first symptom of the disease and their association with the severity of COVID-19. In this retrospective study, 1206 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included and followed up by telephone one month after discharged from Tongji Hospital, Wuhan. Demographic data, laboratory values, comorbidities, symptoms, and numerical rating scale scores (0-10) of nasal symptoms were extracted from the hospital medical records, and confirmed or reevaluated by the telephone follow-up. From patients (n=1172) completing follow-up, 199 (17%) subjects had severe COVID-19 and 342 (29.2%) reported nasal symptoms. 20.6% COVID-19 patients had loss of taste (median score=6), while 11.4% had loss of smell (median score=5). Loss of taste scores, but not loss of smell scores, were significantly increased in severe vs. non-severe COVID-19 patients. Interleukin (IL)-6 and lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels were positively correlated with loss of taste scores. About 80% of COVID-19 patients recovered from smell and taste dysfunction in 2 weeks. In this cohort, only 1 out of 10 hospital admitted patients had loss of smell while 1 out of 5 reported loss of taste which was associated to severity of COVID-19. Most patients recovered smell and taste dysfunctions in 2 weeks.
2019 年 12 月，中国武汉报告了一组病毒性肺炎病例，被确定为 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。我们旨在探讨 COVID-19 患者鼻部症状的频率，包括嗅觉和味觉丧失，以及这些症状作为疾病首发症状的表现及其与 COVID-19 严重程度的关系。在这项回顾性研究中，纳入了 1206 例经实验室确诊的 COVID-19 患者，并在武汉同济医院出院后一个月通过电话进行随访。从医院病历中提取人口统计学数据、实验室值、合并症、症状和鼻部症状的数字评分量表（0-10），并通过电话随访进行确认或重新评估。在完成随访的 1172 例患者中，199 例（17%）患者患有严重 COVID-19，342 例（29.2%）报告有鼻部症状。20.6%的 COVID-19 患者有味觉丧失（中位数评分=6），11.4%有嗅觉丧失（中位数评分=5）。味觉丧失评分在严重 COVID-19患者中显著高于非严重 COVID-19 患者，而嗅觉丧失评分则无显著差异。白细胞介素（IL）-6 和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）血清水平与味觉丧失评分呈正相关。约 80%的 COVID-19 患者在 2 周内从嗅觉和味觉障碍中恢复。在本队列中，只有 10%的住院患者有嗅觉丧失，而 5%的患者报告有味觉丧失，这与 COVID-19 的严重程度有关。大多数患者在 2 周内恢复嗅觉和味觉功能障碍。
