Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 16;16(2):e0246970. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246970. eCollection 2021.
Vaccine hesitancy could become a significant impediment to addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study examined the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and factors associated with vaccine intentions. A national panel survey by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) was designed to be representative of the US household population. Sampled respondents were invited to complete the survey between May 14 and 18, 2020 in English or Spanish. 1,056 respondents completed the survey-942 via the web and 114 via telephone. The dependent variable was assessed by the item "If a vaccine against the coronavirus becomes available, do you plan to get vaccinated, or not?" Approximately half (53.6%) reported intending to be vaccinated, 16.7% did not intend, and 29.7% were unsure. In the adjusted stepwise multinominal logistic regression, Black and Hispanic respondents were significantly less likely to report intending to be vaccinated as were respondents who were females, younger, and those who were more politically conservative. Compared to those who reported positive vaccine intentions, respondents with negative vaccine intentions were significantly less likely to report that they engaged in the COVID-19 prevention behaviors of wearing masks (aOR = 0.53, CI = 0.37-0.76) and social distancing (aOR = 0.22, CI = 0.12-0.42). In a sub-analysis of reasons not to be vaccinated, significant race/ethnic differences were observed. This national survey indicated a modest level of COVID-19 vaccine intention. These data suggest that public health campaigns for vaccine uptake should assess in greater detail the vaccine concerns of Blacks, Hispanics, and women to tailor programs.
疫苗犹豫可能成为应对 COVID-19 大流行的重大障碍。本研究调查了 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫的流行情况以及与疫苗接种意愿相关的因素。国家民意研究中心（NORC）的一项全国小组调查旨在代表美国家庭人口。抽样受访者被邀请在 2020 年 5 月 14 日至 18 日期间以英语或西班牙语完成调查。1056 名受访者完成了调查-942 名通过网络，114 名通过电话。因变量通过“如果有针对冠状病毒的疫苗，你计划接种疫苗吗？”来评估。大约一半（53.6%）的人表示打算接种疫苗，16.7%的人不打算接种，29.7%的人不确定。在调整后的逐步多项逻辑回归中，黑人和西班牙裔受访者报告打算接种疫苗的可能性明显较低，女性、年轻和政治上较为保守的受访者也是如此。与报告有积极疫苗接种意愿的受访者相比，报告有消极疫苗接种意愿的受访者报告戴口罩（aOR=0.53，CI=0.37-0.76）和保持社交距离（aOR=0.22，CI=0.12-0.42）的 COVID-19 预防行为的可能性显著降低。在对不接种疫苗原因的亚分析中，观察到了显著的种族/民族差异。这项全国性调查表明，COVID-19 疫苗接种意愿处于中等水平。这些数据表明，疫苗接种推广的公共卫生运动应该更详细地评估黑人和西班牙裔以及女性对疫苗的担忧，以便制定相应计划。
