Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Italy.
Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Italy.
Ann Anat. 2021 Jul;236:151697. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151697. Epub 2021 Feb 13.
The aim of the following investigation was to explore Max Clara's (1899-1966) early academic activity in Italy at the University of Padua. While Clara's career during the National-Socialist Party dictatorship was extensively studied in literature, little to no information is available regarding Clara's early academic years, with particular regard to his role at the University of Padua during his time in Italy. The scientific and didactic activities held by Clara during this timespan could sheld a light on his appointment as Professor of Anatomy at the University of Leipzig, clarifying the academic motives and political pretences behind it. To this end, systematic research has been conducted at the Historical Archives of the University of Padua, where our findings have revealed detailed records of Clara's teaching and research activity from 1929 to 1935. Our findings confirm that Clara held a paid position as free lecturer at the University of Padua, and was likely under the tutelage of Prof. Tullio Terni, who directed the Institute of Histology and General Embryology until 1933. Max Clara's didactic activity focused mainly on the teaching of microscopical anatomy, which was distinct from histology and considered within the field of anatomy. Even though Clara had a minimal amount of lectures assigned, our records suggest that he conducted part of his research in the laboratories of the University of Padua whilst also working independently in his private medical practice in Blumau (South Tyrol). It is therefore possible to speculate that the teaching of Microscopical Anatomy, rather than Histology, could have represented the pretext for appointing Clara as Professor of Anatomy, justifying his new, politically-driven role at Leipzig.
本研究旨在探索马克斯·克拉拉（Max Clara，1899-1966 年）早年在意大利帕多瓦大学的学术活动。尽管克拉拉在纳粹党独裁时期的职业生涯在文献中得到了广泛研究，但关于他在意大利期间的早年学术生涯，尤其是他在帕多瓦大学的角色，几乎没有信息。克拉拉在此期间的科学和教学活动可以阐明他在莱比锡大学被任命为解剖学教授的原因，澄清其中的学术动机和政治企图。为此，我们在帕多瓦大学历史档案馆进行了系统的研究，我们的发现揭示了克拉拉从 1929 年到 1935 年的教学和研究活动的详细记录。我们的发现证实，克拉拉在帕多瓦大学担任有偿的自由讲师，并且可能在 1933 年之前指导组织学和一般胚胎学研究所的图利奥·特尔尼（Tullio Terni）教授的指导下工作。马克斯·克拉拉的教学活动主要集中在显微镜解剖学的教学上，这与组织学不同，被认为是解剖学领域的一部分。尽管克拉拉分配的讲座数量很少，但我们的记录表明，他在帕多瓦大学的实验室进行了部分研究，同时在他在布卢毛（南蒂罗尔）的私人医疗实践中也独立工作。因此，可以推测，显微镜解剖学的教学而不是组织学可能是任命克拉拉为解剖学教授的借口，为他在莱比锡的新政治驱动角色提供了正当理由。
