Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Campus CEDETEG, CEP: 85040-167, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil.
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Câmpus Londrina, CEP: 86036-370 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Apr 30;177:176-203. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.087. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Factors increasing the risks for CVD development are related to obesity, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and lifestyle. CVD risk factors may be treated with appropriate drugs, but prolonged can use cause undesirable side-effects. Among the natural products used in complementary and alternative medicines, are the β-ᴅ-glucans; biopolymers found in foods (cereals, mushrooms), and can easily be produced by microbial fermentation. Independent of source, β-glucans of the mixed-linked types [(1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-ᴅ-glucans - fungal, and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-ᴅ-glucans - cereal] have widely been studied because of their biological activities, and have demonstrated cardiovascular protective effects. In this review, we discuss the roles of β-ᴅ-glucans in various pathophysiological conditions that lead to CVDs including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, atherosclerosis and stroke. The β-glucans from all of the sources cited demonstrated potential hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesogenicity activities, reduced hypertension and ameliorated the atherosclerosis condition. More recently, β-glucans are recognized as possessing prebiotic properties that modulate the gut microbiome and impact on the health benefits including cardiovascular. Overall, all the studies investigated unequivocally demonstrated the dietary benefits of consuming β-glucans regardless of source, thus constituting a promising panaceutical approach to reduce CVD risk factors.
心血管疾病 (CVDs) 是全球范围内的主要死亡原因。增加 CVD 发展风险的因素与肥胖、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、高血压和生活方式有关。CVD 风险因素可以用适当的药物治疗，但长期使用可能会引起不良副作用。在用于补充和替代医学的天然产物中，有 β-ᴅ-葡聚糖；存在于食物中的生物聚合物（谷物、蘑菇），并且可以通过微生物发酵很容易地生产。无论来源如何，混合链接类型的 β-葡聚糖 [(1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-ᴅ-葡聚糖 - 真菌，和 (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-ᴅ-葡聚糖 - 谷物] 因其生物活性而得到广泛研究，并已证明具有心血管保护作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 β-ᴅ-葡聚糖在导致 CVD 的各种病理生理条件中的作用，包括肥胖、血脂异常、高血糖、氧化应激、高血压、动脉粥样硬化和中风。来自所有来源的 β-葡聚糖都表现出潜在的降血糖、降胆固醇和抗肥胖活性，降低高血压并改善动脉粥样硬化状况。最近，β-葡聚糖被认为具有益生元特性，可以调节肠道微生物组，并对健康益处产生影响，包括心血管。总的来说，所有研究都明确证实了食用 β-葡聚糖的饮食益处，无论来源如何，因此构成了一种有前途的泛医药方法，可以降低 CVD 风险因素。
