Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Int J Mol Med. 2018 Apr;41(4):1799-1808. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3411. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
Hypercholesterolemia is one of primary risk factors of cardiovascular disease, together with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes. Although progress has been made, the search for novel methods of preventing and treating dyslipidemia is ongoing and current therapies for cardiovascular disease induce various side effects. β‑glucans are linear unbranched polysaccharides found in various natural sources, such as mushrooms. Due to their structure they are able to interact with innate immunity receptors, however they also act as dietary fibers in the digestive tract. As there are two forms of β‑glucans, insoluble and soluble forms, they are able to interact with lipids and biliary salts in the bowel and consequently reduce cholesterol levels. Therefore, they may be developed as a suitable therapeutic option to treat patients with dyslipidemia, as they are natural molecules that do not induce any significant side effects. The current review discusses the evidence supporting the effects of β‑glucans on cholesterol levels.
高胆固醇血症是心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一，与代谢综合征、高血压和糖尿病并列。尽管已经取得了进展，但仍在寻找预防和治疗血脂异常的新方法，而目前用于心血管疾病的治疗方法会引起各种副作用。β-葡聚糖是存在于各种天然来源中的线性无分支多糖，例如蘑菇。由于其结构，它们能够与先天免疫受体相互作用，但它们也在消化道中充当膳食纤维。由于存在两种形式的β-葡聚糖，即不溶性和可溶性形式，它们能够在肠道中与脂质和胆汁盐相互作用，从而降低胆固醇水平。因此，它们可能被开发为治疗血脂异常患者的合适治疗选择，因为它们是不会引起任何显著副作用的天然分子。本综述讨论了支持β-葡聚糖对胆固醇水平影响的证据。
