Papatsiros Vasileios G, Stylianaki Ioanna, Tsekouras Nikolaos, Papakonstantinou Georgios, Gómez-Nicolau Néstor Serra, Letsios Michail, Papaioannou Nikolaos
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2021 May;18(5):315-321. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2867. Epub 2021 Feb 24.
Liver samples from finisher pigs were collected at the slaughterhouses for the analysis of zearalenone (ZEA), alfa-/beta-zearalenone (α-ZE, β-ZE), zearalanone (ZA), alfa-/beta-ZA (α-ZA, β-ZA), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin M1, fumonisin B1 (FB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and ochratoxin B, deoxynivalenol and deepoxi-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1). For the analysis liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole coupled with mass spectrometry was applied. Liver samples with detected FB1 were further histopathologically evaluated after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Various levels of liver mycotoxins were detected in all farms. Pig livers with 2.91-8.30 μg/kg of FB1 were detected in three farms, estimate of 850-2400 μg/kg of FB1 intake, whereas 0.54 μg/kg of OTA was detected in one farm, estimate of 75 μg/kg of OTA intake. Moreover, pig livers with 0.30 μg/kg of ZEA, 1.87 μg/kg of α-ZE, and 0.63 μg/kg of β-ZE were detected in one farm, estimate with of 300 μg/kg of ZEA intake. The histopathological analysis revealed that the lesions' grading and necrosis grading were analogously increased when FB1 concentration increased from 2.91 to 4.36-8.30 μg/kg. The severity of megalocytosis was analogously increased with FB1 detection levels and particularly in levels of 4.36-8.3 μg/kg. However, the increased FB1 detection levels did not show analogous behavior with the severity of hepatic cell vacuolization. Results showed that FB1 remained the most critical risk factor in the Greek pig industry, whereas ZEA and AFB1 were also prevalent. The OTA contamination in pig farms raised a high risk for animal and human health.
在屠宰场采集育肥猪的肝脏样本，用于分析玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）、α-/β-玉米赤霉烯醇（α-ZE、β-ZE）、玉米赤霉酮（ZA）、α-/β-ZA（α-ZA、β-ZA）、黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）和黄曲霉毒素M1、伏马毒素B1（FB1）、赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）和赭曲霉毒素B、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和脱环氧脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DOM-1）。分析采用液相色谱-三重四极杆联用质谱法。对检测到FB1的肝脏样本进行苏木精和伊红染色后，进一步进行组织病理学评估。在所有养殖场均检测到不同水平的肝脏霉菌毒素。在三个养殖场检测到猪肝脏中FB1含量为2.91 - 8.30μg/kg，估计FB1摄入量为850 - 2400μg/kg，而在一个养殖场检测到OTA含量为0.54μg/kg，估计OTA摄入量为75μg/kg。此外，在一个养殖场检测到猪肝脏中ZEA含量为0.30μg/kg、α-ZE含量为1.87μg/kg、β-ZE含量为0.63μg/kg，估计ZEA摄入量为300μg/kg。组织病理学分析显示，当FB1浓度从2.91μg/kg增加到4.36 - 8.30μg/kg时，病变分级和坏死分级类似地增加。巨细胞症的严重程度随着FB1检测水平的升高而类似地增加，特别是在4.36 - 8.3μg/kg水平。然而，FB1检测水平的升高与肝细胞空泡化的严重程度没有类似的相关性。结果表明，FB1仍然是希腊养猪业最关键的风险因素，而ZEA和AFB1也很普遍。养猪场中的OTA污染对动物和人类健康构成了高风险。
