Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
J Periodontal Res. 2021 Jun;56(3):597-605. doi: 10.1111/jre.12860. Epub 2021 Feb 28.
Different evidence has shown that Galectins have a key role as modulators of cell surface functions and signaling in a wide range of inflammatory diseases during their preclinical stages. The aim of this study was to analyze the association and impact of periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD) on salivary and serum Galectin-3 in patients with periodontitis and CHD.
For the present study, healthy controls (n = 38), periodontitis (n = 40), CHD (n = 39), and a combination of periodontitis +CHD (n = 38) patients were enrolled and analyzed. In each patient, demographic characteristics and a full-mouth clinical periodontal examination were achieved. Moreover, serum and salivary samples were collected to assess Galectin-3 and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels. The Jonckheere-Terpstra p-trend and Spearman's correlation tests as well as uni- and linear regression analyses were used to analyze the study data.
Patients with periodontitis (serum, p = .003; saliva, p < .001) and periodontitis + CHD groups (serum p = .004; saliva, p < .001) had higher median serum and salivary concentrations of Galectin-3 in comparison with CHD and healthy controls. Serum (p = .006) and salivary (p = .009) Galectin-3 levels were significantly correlated with serum ET-1. The multivariate regression analysis highlighted that periodontitis (p = .047) was the significant predictor of serum Galectin-3 levels while ET-1 (p = .028) was the significant predictor of salivary Galectin-3 levels.
The results showed that patients with periodontitis and periodontitis + CHD presented significant higher serum and salivary Galectin-3 levels in comparison with CHD patients and healthy subjects. Periodontitis and ET-1 were the significant predictors of serum and salivary Galectin-3 levels, respectively.
不同的证据表明，半乳糖凝集素在临床前阶段的多种炎症性疾病中作为细胞表面功能和信号转导的调节剂发挥着关键作用。本研究旨在分析牙周炎和冠心病（CHD）对牙周炎和 CHD 患者唾液和血清半乳糖凝集素-3 的关联和影响。
本研究纳入并分析了健康对照组（n=38）、牙周炎组（n=40）、CHD 组（n=39）和牙周炎+CHD 组（n=38）患者。在每位患者中，均进行了人口统计学特征和全口临床牙周检查。此外，还采集了血清和唾液样本以评估半乳糖凝集素-3 和内皮素-1（ET-1）水平。采用 Jonckheere-Terpstra p 趋势检验和 Spearman 相关检验以及单变量和线性回归分析来分析研究数据。
与 CHD 和健康对照组相比，牙周炎组（血清，p=.003；唾液，p<.001）和牙周炎+CHD 组（血清，p=.004；唾液，p<.001）患者的血清和唾液半乳糖凝集素-3 中位数浓度更高。血清（p=.006）和唾液（p=.009）半乳糖凝集素-3 水平与血清 ET-1 显著相关。多元回归分析突出表明，牙周炎（p=.047）是血清半乳糖凝集素-3 水平的显著预测因子，而 ET-1（p=.028）是唾液半乳糖凝集素-3 水平的显著预测因子。
结果表明，与 CHD 患者和健康受试者相比，牙周炎和牙周炎+CHD 患者的血清和唾液半乳糖凝集素-3 水平显著升高。牙周炎和 ET-1 分别是血清和唾液半乳糖凝集素-3 水平的显著预测因子。
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