Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France.
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Arch Toxicol. 2021 Apr;95(4):1161-1178. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-02974-9. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
A fundamental metabolic feature of cancerous tissues is high glucose consumption. The rate of glucose consumption in a cancer cell can be 10-15 times higher than in normal cells. Isolation and cultivation of tumor cells in vitro highlight properties that are associated with intensive glucose utilization, the presence of minimal oxidative metabolism, an increase in lactate concentrations in the culture medium and a reduced rate of oxygen consumption. Although glycolysis is suggested as a general feature of malignant cells and recently identified as a possible contributing factor to tumor progression, several studies highlight distinct metabolic characteristics in some tumors, including a relative decrease in avidity compared to glucose and/or a glutamine dependency of lactate and even proliferative tumor cells. The aim of this review is to determine the particularities in the energy metabolism of cancer cells, focusing on the main nutritional substrates, such as glucose and glutamine, evaluating lactate dehydrogenase as a potential marker of malignancy and estimating activators and inhibitors in cancer treatment.
癌细胞的一个基本代谢特征是高葡萄糖消耗。癌细胞对葡萄糖的消耗率比正常细胞高 10-15 倍。肿瘤细胞的体外分离和培养突出了与高强度葡萄糖利用相关的特性，存在最小的氧化代谢，培养基中乳酸盐浓度增加，以及氧消耗率降低。尽管糖酵解被认为是恶性细胞的一般特征，并最近被确定为肿瘤进展的一个可能的促成因素，但一些研究强调了一些肿瘤中不同的代谢特征，包括与葡萄糖相比相对降低的亲和力，以及甚至增殖性肿瘤细胞对谷氨酰胺的依赖性和乳酸的产生。本综述的目的是确定癌细胞能量代谢的特殊性，重点关注主要的营养底物，如葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺，评估乳酸脱氢酶作为恶性肿瘤的潜在标志物，并估计癌症治疗中的激活剂和抑制剂。
