Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1010 Wien, Austria.
Biomes NGS GmbH, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 26;22(5):2331. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052331.
Periodic fasting (PF) is an increasingly popular approach that assists in the management of metabolic and inflammatory diseases as well as in preventing mechanisms involved in aging. However, little is known about the effects of fasting on gut microbiota and its impact on the epigenetic regulation of metabolically relevant enzymes, especially sirtuins (SIRTs). We analyzed the effect of periodic fasting on the human gut microbiota, SIRTs expression, and mitochondrial content in 51 males and females. The participants fasted under supervision for five consecutive days following the Buchinger fasting guidelines. Ketogenesis, selected mRNAs, miRNAs, mitochondrial (mt) DNA, and gut composition were analyzed before and after PF. PF triggered a significant switch in metabolism, as indicated by the increase in ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 ( expression in the capillary blood. MtDNA, , , and expression in blood cells were elevated, whereas and were not affected. Following fasting, gut microbiota diversity increased, and a statistically significant correlation between gene expression and the abundance of and was detected. The abundance of longevity related species increased after fasting and inversely correlated with age as well as body mass index (BMI). Thus, this represents the first study that showing that fasting not only changes the composition of the gut microbiota, making it more diverse, but also affects SIRT expression in humans.
间歇性禁食（PF）是一种越来越流行的方法，有助于代谢和炎症性疾病的管理，以及预防与衰老有关的机制。然而，关于禁食对肠道微生物群的影响及其对代谢相关酶的表观遗传调控的影响知之甚少，特别是沉默调节蛋白（SIRTs）。我们分析了周期性禁食对 51 名男性和女性的人类肠道微生物群、SIRTs 表达和线粒体含量的影响。参与者按照 Buchinger 禁食指南连续禁食五天。在 PF 前后分析了酮生成、选定的 mRNA、miRNA、线粒体（mt）DNA 和肠道组成。PF 引发了代谢的显著转变，毛细血管血液中 β-羟丁酸（BHB）和丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶同工型 4（ 的表达增加表明了这一点。血细胞中的 mtDNA、、、和 表达升高，而 和 不受影响。禁食后，肠道微生物群多样性增加，并且在 基因表达和 和 丰度之间检测到统计学上显著的相关性。长寿相关 物种的丰度在禁食后增加，并且与年龄和体重指数（BMI）呈负相关。因此，这是第一项表明禁食不仅改变肠道微生物群的组成，使其更加多样化，而且还影响人类 SIRT 表达的研究。
