Epidemiology of Biofilm Producing Nosocomial Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE

This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of biofilm-producing nosocomial isolates from a tertiary care hospital, as well as to investigate any possible association of biofilm formation with the distribution of biofilm-related genotypes and antibiotic resistance phenotypes.

METHODS

A total of 94 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates were identified, their biofilm formation was quantitatively detected using the modified microtiter plate assay, and their susceptibilities to different antibiotics were determined using the breakpoint method. Isolates were then subjected to PCR assays targeting A and genes.

RESULTS

The majority (70.1%) of isolates were biofilm producers. The most prevalent biofilm gene was A (63.8%), followed by (13.8%) and (10.6%). The presence of multi- and extensive-drug resistance (MDR and XDR) was significantly associated with biofilm producers (p = 0.017 and 0.002, respectively). The length of hospital stay (aOR= 0.023), the presence of A gene (aOR = 0.286) or gene (aOR = 0.346), ampicillin/sulbactam resistance (aOR = 1), and the presence of MDR (aOR = -0.329) or XDR (aOR = -0.252) were considered significant risk factors associated with biofilm-producing isolates.

CONCLUSION

The high prevalence of biofilm-producing MDR and XDR nosocomial isolates in this study is worrisome and alarming. Characterization of risk factors could help control the continuous selection and transfer of this serious phenotype inside hospitals and improve the quality of patients' care.