Departament of Pediatric, Rafael Méndez University Hospital, 30813 Lorca, Spain.
Departament of Pediatric, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, 04009 Almería, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 13;18(4):1825. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041825.
To determine blood lead levels (BLL) in a healthy paediatric population and to analyse related sociodemographic, dietary and haematological factors.
A cross-sectional study was made of 1427 healthy subjects aged 1-16 years from the city of Almería (south-eastern Spain). BLL, iron parameters and erythropoietin were determined, and sociodemographic and dietary data obtained. The study paramateters was analyses in BLL toxic and BLL no toxic group by multiple logistic regression.
The mean BLL was 1.98 ± 1.1 µg/dL (95% CI:1.91-2.04). For 5.7% of the population, mean BLL was 2-5 µg/dL, for 2.1% it was >5 µg/dL and for 0.15% it was >10 µg/dL. Multivariate analysis showed that immigrant origin (OR:11.9; < 0.0001), low level of parental education (OR:4.6; < 0.02) and low dietary iron bioavailability (OR: 3.2; < 0.02) were all risk factors for toxic BLL. Subjects with toxic and non-toxic BLL presented similar iron and erythropoiesis-related parameters, except erythrocyte protoporphyrin, which was significantly higher in the BLL >5 µg/dL group.
BLL and the prevalence of toxic BLL in healthy subjects aged 1-16 years living in south-eastern Spain are low and similar to those found in other developed countries. The factors associated with toxic BLL are immigrant origin, low level of parental education and dietary iron deficiency. The toxicity of BLL was not related to changes in the analytical parameters studied.
确定健康儿科人群的血铅水平（BLL），并分析相关的社会人口学、饮食和血液学因素。
对来自西班牙东南部阿尔梅里亚市的 1427 名 1-16 岁健康受试者进行了横断面研究。测定血铅水平、铁参数和促红细胞生成素，并获取社会人口学和饮食数据。通过多因素逻辑回归分析 BLL 中毒组和 BLL 非中毒组的研究参数。
平均 BLL 为 1.98 ± 1.1 µg/dL（95%可信区间：1.91-2.04）。5.7%的人群平均 BLL 为 2-5 µg/dL，2.1%的人群 BLL >5 µg/dL，0.15%的人群 BLL >10 µg/dL。多因素分析显示，移民原籍（OR：11.9；<0.0001）、父母教育水平低（OR：4.6；<0.02）和低膳食铁生物利用度（OR：3.2；<0.02）均为 BLL 中毒的危险因素。BLL 中毒组和非中毒组的铁和与红细胞生成相关的参数相似，除了红细胞原卟啉，BLL >5 µg/dL 组明显升高。
西班牙东南部健康 1-16 岁儿童的 BLL 水平和 BLL 中毒的发生率均较低，与其他发达国家相似。与 BLL 中毒相关的因素是移民原籍、父母教育水平低和饮食铁缺乏。BLL 的毒性与所研究的分析参数的变化无关。
