Mathew Boby, Mansuri M Shahid, Williams Kenneth R, Nairn Angus C
Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Brain Sci. 2021 Feb 19;11(2):258. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11020258.
Exosomes are synthesized and secreted by different cell types and contain proteins, lipids, metabolites and RNA species that reflect the physiological status of the cell of origin. As such, exosomes are increasingly being used as a novel reservoir for disease biomarker discovery. However, isolation of exosomes can be challenging due to their nonuniformity of shape and variable tissue of origin. Moreover, various analytical techniques used for protein detection and quantitation remain insensitive to the low amounts of protein isolated from exosomes. Despite these challenges, techniques to improve proteomic yield and increase protein dynamic range continue to improve at a rapid rate. In this review, we highlight the importance of exosome proteomics in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders and the associated technical difficulties. Furthermore, current progress and technological advancements in exosome proteomics research are discussed with an emphasis on disease-associated protein biomarkers.
外泌体由不同细胞类型合成并分泌，包含反映其来源细胞生理状态的蛋白质、脂质、代谢物和RNA种类。因此，外泌体越来越多地被用作发现疾病生物标志物的新型资源库。然而，由于外泌体形状不均一且来源组织各异，其分离具有挑战性。此外，用于蛋白质检测和定量的各种分析技术对外泌体中分离出的少量蛋白质仍然不敏感。尽管存在这些挑战，提高蛋白质组学产量和增加蛋白质动态范围的技术仍在快速发展。在这篇综述中，我们强调了外泌体蛋白质组学在神经退行性疾病和神经精神疾病中的重要性以及相关技术难题。此外，还讨论了外泌体蛋白质组学研究的当前进展和技术进步，重点是与疾病相关的蛋白质生物标志物。
