Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 28;22(5):2419. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052419.
The World Health Organization estimates that only approximately 25% of diversity in longevity is explained by genetic factors, while the other 75% is largely determined by interactions with the physical and social environments. Indeed, aging is a multifactorial process that is influenced by a range of environmental, sociodemographic, and biopsychosocial factors, all of which might act in concert to determine the process of aging. The global average life expectancy increased fundamentally over the past century, toward an aging population, correlating with the development and onset of age-related diseases, mainly from cardiovascular and neurological nature. Therefore, the identification of determinants of healthy and unhealthy aging is a major goal to lower the burden and socioeconomic costs of age-related diseases. The role of environmental factors (such as air pollution and noise exposure) as crucial determinants of the aging process are being increasingly recognized. Here, we critically review recent findings concerning the pathomechanisms underlying the aging process and their correlates in cardiovascular and neurological disease, centered on oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the influence of prominent environmental pollutants, namely air pollution and traffic noise exposure, which is suggested to accelerate the aging process. Insight into these types of relationships and appropriate preventive strategies are urgently needed to promote healthy aging.
世界卫生组织估计，长寿的多样性只有大约 25%可以用遗传因素来解释，而另外 75%则主要取决于与物理和社会环境的相互作用。实际上，衰老过程是一个多因素的过程，受到一系列环境、社会人口和生物心理社会因素的影响，所有这些因素都可能协同作用，决定衰老过程。在过去的一个世纪里，全球平均预期寿命有了根本的提高，人口逐渐老龄化，与年龄相关疾病的发展和发病相关，主要是心血管和神经性质的疾病。因此，确定健康和不健康衰老的决定因素是降低与年龄相关疾病的负担和社会经济成本的主要目标。环境因素（如空气污染和噪声暴露）作为衰老过程关键决定因素的作用正日益得到认识。在这里，我们批判性地回顾了最近关于心血管和神经疾病衰老过程及其相关性的研究结果，重点是氧化应激和炎症，以及主要污染物（如空气污染和交通噪声暴露）的影响，这些因素被认为会加速衰老过程。深入了解这些类型的关系和适当的预防策略是迫切需要的，以促进健康老龄化。
