Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 14;18(4):1842. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041842.
(1) Background: To compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys and girls and to estimate socioeconomic differences associated with obesity in Spain in 1997, 2007, and 2017. (2) Methods: Data were drawn from national health interview surveys. For each year of study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was measured, and these results were compared by gender (boy/girl) and socioeconomic status (low/high education). (3) Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity rose from 1997 to 2007 but then fell in 2017 in all subgroups except in girls aged 10 to 15 years. In this group, there was a steady increase in the prevalence of both overweight (1997, 14.6%; 2007, 17.7%; 2017, 19.6%) and obesity (1.1, 3.2, and 3.7%, respectively). The decrease in prevalence of overweight in both sexes and of obesity in boys, along with the increase in prevalence of obesity in girls, was of a higher magnitude in children whose parents had a lower educational level. (4) Conclusions: The apparent turnaround in the obesity epidemic in Spain should be interpreted with caution. Children's body weight is influenced by both gender and socioeconomic status-considerations that should be kept in mind when designing health promotion interventions.
（1）背景：本研究旨在比较西班牙 1997 年、2007 年和 2017 年男童和女童超重及肥胖的流行率，并评估肥胖与社会经济状况之间的关联。（2）方法：本研究使用了全国健康访谈调查的数据。在每个研究年份，我们都测量了超重和肥胖的流行率，并比较了不同性别（男/女）和社会经济地位（低/高教育）组之间的结果。（3）结果：除了 10-15 岁的女童之外，所有亚组的超重和肥胖流行率在 1997 年至 2007 年期间上升，但在 2017 年下降。在这个年龄组，超重（1997 年，14.6%；2007 年，17.7%；2017 年，19.6%）和肥胖（1.1、3.2 和 3.7%）的流行率都呈持续上升趋势。与男孩相比，两性和肥胖的超重率下降，女孩肥胖率上升，这种情况在父母教育水平较低的儿童中更为明显。（4）结论：西班牙肥胖流行率的明显转变应谨慎解读。儿童的体重受到性别和社会经济地位的影响，在设计健康促进干预措施时应考虑到这些因素。
