Mattalia Giulia, Stryamets Nataliya, Grygorovych Anya, Pieroni Andrea, Sõukand Renata
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Mestre, Italy.
Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Feb 16;11:598390. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598390. eCollection 2020.
Cross-border and cross-cultural ethnomedicine are novel ways to address the evolution of local ecological knowledge. As is widely acknowledged, ethnomedicinal knowledge is not static, but evolves according to several factors, including changes in ecological availability and socioeconomic conditions, and yet the effect of the political context on medicinal knowledge remains largely underexplored. Bukovina, a small region of Eastern Europe that has been divided by a border since the 1940s and is currently part of both Romania and Ukraine, represents a unique case study in which to address the impact of political contexts on ethnomedicinal knowledge. The aim of this study was to compare plant-based medicinal uses among Romanians living on the two sides of the Romanian-Ukrainian border. In addition, we performed cross-cultural and cross-border analysis with published data on the ethnomedicine of the neighboring ethnolinguistic group of Hutsuls. We conducted 59 semistructured interviews with conveniently selected Romanians living in both Romanian and Ukrainian Bukovina. We elicited preparations for treating different ailments and disorders by naming each part of the body. We also asked about the sources of this medicinal knowledge. We documented the medicinal use of 108 plant taxa belonging to 45 families. Fifty-four taxa were common to both Romanian communities; 20 were only found among Romanians living in Romania and 34 only among Romanians living in Ukraine. However, the number of recorded uses was higher among Romanians living in Romania, revealing that they make consistent use of local medicinal plants, and Romanians living in Ukrainian Bukovina use more taxa but less consistently. Comparison with the data published in our study on neighboring Hutsuls shows that medicinal knowledge is more homogeneous among Hutsuls and Romanians living in Ukraine, yet many similar uses were found among Romanian communities across the border. We argue that the 50 years during which Ukrainian Bukovina was part of the USSR resulted in the integration of standard pan-Soviet elements as evidenced by several plant uses common among the groups living in Ukraine yet not among Hutsuls and Romanians living in Romania.
跨境和跨文化民族医学是应对当地生态知识演变的新途径。众所周知，民族医学知识并非一成不变，而是会根据多种因素演变，包括生态可利用性和社会经济状况的变化，然而政治背景对药用知识的影响在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索。布科维纳是东欧的一个小地区，自20世纪40年代以来一直被国界分割，目前是罗马尼亚和乌克兰的一部分，它代表了一个独特的案例研究，可用于探讨政治背景对民族医学知识的影响。本研究的目的是比较生活在罗马尼亚-乌克兰边境两侧的罗马尼亚人基于植物的药用用途。此外，我们还利用已发表的关于相邻的胡苏尔民族语言学群体民族医学的数据进行了跨文化和跨境分析。我们对居住在罗马尼亚和乌克兰布科维纳的罗马尼亚人进行了59次方便抽样的半结构化访谈。我们通过说出身体的各个部位来引出治疗不同疾病和紊乱的制剂。我们还询问了这种药用知识的来源。我们记录了属于45个科的108种植物类群的药用情况。两个罗马尼亚社区共有54种植物类群；20种仅在生活在罗马尼亚的罗马尼亚人中发现，34种仅在生活在乌克兰的罗马尼亚人中发现。然而，生活在罗马尼亚的罗马尼亚人记录的用途数量更多，这表明他们持续使用当地药用植物，而生活在乌克兰布科维纳的罗马尼亚人使用的植物类群更多，但使用得不太一致。与我们研究中发表的关于相邻胡苏尔人的数据相比，生活在乌克兰的胡苏尔人和罗马尼亚人的药用知识更为相似，但在边境两侧的罗马尼亚社区中也发现了许多相似的用途。我们认为，乌克兰布科维纳作为苏联一部分的50年导致了标准的泛苏联元素的融入，这一点从生活在乌克兰的群体中常见但生活在罗马尼亚的胡苏尔人和罗马尼亚人中不常见的几种植物用途中可以得到证明。
