Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Int J Eat Disord. 2021 Jul;54(7):1147-1159. doi: 10.1002/eat.23496. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
Despite a growing literature on potential risk factors for eating disorders, longitudinal research starting before adolescence is scarce, and little is known about risk factors in males. We investigated risk factors in preadolescent boys and girls for the development of eating pathology in adolescence and young adulthood.
This study is part of TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch population-based cohort study (N = 2,229) from preadolescence into adulthood. Potential risk factors were measured at age 11, based on self-report, reports of one of the parents, and records of the Preventive Child Healthcare. Variables included sociodemographic variables, pregnancy and perinatal factors, eating- and weight-related factors, psychological functioning, stressful experiences and family factors. At age 19, two-stage screening including interviews by eating disorder experts was used to examine the prevalence of eating disorders. At age 22 and 26, eating pathology was assessed by the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale.
Preadolescent anxious distress and high weight were associated with eating pathology in adolescence and young adulthood in both boys and girls. Overeating in preadolescence was found to be a prodromal symptom of eating disorders during late adolescence. No evidence was found for sex-specific risk factors.
Anxious preadolescents with high weight are at increased risk for the development of eating pathology later on. Clinicians should be aware of eating disorder symptoms - like overeating - in this high-risk group of children, and could consider an early intervention to prevent the development of full-blown eating disorders.
尽管关于饮食失调潜在风险因素的文献不断增加，但在青春期之前开始的纵向研究却很少，而且对于男性的风险因素知之甚少。我们调查了青少年和年轻成年人饮食失调的风险因素在青春期前的男孩和女孩中。
这项研究是 TRAILS（青少年个人生活追踪研究）的一部分，这是一项荷兰基于人群的队列研究（N=2229），从青春期到成年。潜在的风险因素是在 11 岁时测量的，基于自我报告、父母之一的报告和预防儿童保健记录。变量包括社会人口统计学变量、妊娠和围产期因素、饮食和体重相关因素、心理功能、压力经历和家庭因素。在 19 岁时，通过饮食失调专家进行两阶段筛查，以检查饮食失调的患病率。在 19 岁、22 岁和 26 岁时，使用饮食障碍诊断量表评估饮食病理学。
青春期前的焦虑和高体重与男孩和女孩在青春期和成年早期的饮食病理学有关。在青春期前过度进食被发现是青少年后期饮食失调的前驱症状。没有发现性别特异性风险因素。
焦虑的青春期前超重儿童以后发展为饮食病理学的风险增加。临床医生应该注意到这个高风险组的儿童中的饮食障碍症状，如过度进食，并考虑早期干预以预防全面性饮食障碍的发展。
