Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University-Cambridge Campus, Cambridge, UK.
ENT and Audiology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021 Sep;36(9):1378-1385. doi: 10.1002/gps.5534. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
We investigated cross-sectional gender-specific associations with vision, hearing, and both (dual) impairment with depression and chronic anxiety using a large representative sample of Spanish adults.
The present study utilized data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017. A total of 23,089 adults (15-103 years, 45.9% men) participated in this survey. Participants self-reported whether they had suffered depression and/or anxiety, and also whether they experience vision, hearing and both vision/hearing (dual) impairment. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between the three types of sensory impairment and anxiety or depression, in men and women.
Across the whole sample (n = 23,089) the prevalence of depression and anxiety was between 2.00 and 2.56 times higher in women compared to men. Dual sensory impairment (hearing and vision) was associated with higher levels of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.980, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.170-4.091) and anxiety (OR = 2.636, 95% CI: 1.902-3.653) compared to single sensory impairment. Stratified associations by gender showed higher odd ratios for women with dual sensory loss (3.488 for depression and 3.478 for anxiety) compared to men (2.773 for depression and 1.803 for anxiety).
Dual sensory impairment (hearing and seeing) is are associated with increased depression and anxiety. Women with dual sensory impairment showed stronger associations compared to men among adults in Spain. Interventions are needed to address vision and/or hearing impairment in order to reduce anxiety and depression especially in women.
本研究使用西班牙成年人的大型代表性样本，调查了性别特异性与视力、听力以及视力和听力双重障碍与抑郁和慢性焦虑的横断面关联。
本研究使用了 2017 年西班牙国家健康调查的数据。共有 23089 名成年人（15-103 岁，45.9%为男性）参与了这项调查。参与者自我报告是否患有抑郁和/或焦虑，以及是否存在视力、听力和视力/听力双重障碍。采用多变量逻辑回归分析，评估了三种类型的感觉障碍与男性和女性焦虑或抑郁之间的关联。
在整个样本（n=23089）中，女性的抑郁和焦虑患病率比男性高 2.00 至 2.56 倍。与单一感官障碍相比，双重感官障碍（听力和视力）与更高水平的抑郁（比值比[OR] = 2.980，95%置信区间[CI]：2.170-4.091）和焦虑（OR = 2.636，95%CI：1.902-3.653）相关。按性别分层的关联显示，与男性相比，女性双重感官丧失者的比值比更高（抑郁为 3.488，焦虑为 3.478）。
双重感官障碍（听力和视力）与抑郁和焦虑的增加有关。与男性相比，西班牙成年女性的双重感官障碍与更强的关联相关。需要干预措施来解决视力和/或听力障碍，以降低焦虑和抑郁，特别是在女性中。
