National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Feb 25;11:626368. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.626368. eCollection 2021.
Mosquito-borne diseases are rapidly spreading due to increasing international travel and trade. Routine mosquito surveillance and screening for mosquito-borne pathogens can be early indicators for local disease transmission and outbreaks. However, arbovirus detection in mosquito vectors has rarely been reported in Saudi Arabia.
A total of 769,541 and mosquitoes were collected by Black Hole traps during routine mosquito surveillance in the first half of 2016. and were the most prevalent species observed. Twenty-five and 24 randomly selected pools of and , respectively, were screened for arboviruses by RT-PCR.
Dengue 2 (DENV-2) and four strains of insect-specific flaviviruses, including one of cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV) and three of Phlebotomus-associated flavivirus (PAFV) were detected in pools of . We also detected 10 strains of Culex flavivirus (CxFV) in pools of . Phylogenetic analysis using whole genome sequences placed the DENV strain into the cosmopolitan 1 sub-DENV-2 genotype, and the CxFVs into the African/Caribbean/Latin American genotype. These analyses also showed that the DENV-2 strain detected in the present study was closely related to strains detected in China in 2014 and in Japan in 2018, which suggests frequent movement of DENV-2 strains among these countries. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis suggested at least five introductions of DENV-2 into Saudi Arabia from 2014 through 2018, most probably from India.
To our knowledge, this study reports the first detection of four arboviruses DENV, CFAV, PAFV, and CxFV in mosquitoes in Saudi Arabia, which shows that they are co-circulating in Jeddah. Our findings show a need for widespread mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance programs in Saudi Arabia, which will improve our understanding of the transmission dynamics of the mosquito-borne arboviruses within the country and help early predict and mitigate the risk of human infections and outbreaks.
由于国际旅行和贸易的增加，蚊媒疾病正在迅速传播。对蚊子的常规监测和筛查可以作为本地疾病传播和爆发的早期指标。然而，沙特阿拉伯很少有关于蚊子媒介中虫媒病毒检测的报道。
在 2016 年上半年的常规蚊子监测中，使用黑孔陷阱共收集了 769541 只 和 蚊子。 和 是观察到的最常见的物种。随机选择 25 个 和 24 个 蚊群进行 RT-PCR 检测虫媒病毒。
在 蚊群中检测到登革热 2 型（DENV-2）和四种昆虫特异性黄病毒，包括一种细胞融合剂病毒（CFAV）和三种嗜人按蚊黄病毒（PAFV）。在 蚊群中还检测到 10 株库蚊黄病毒（CxFV）。基于全基因组序列的系统进化分析将 DENV 株归入世界性 1 型 DENV-2 基因型，CxFVs 归入非洲/加勒比/拉丁美洲基因型。这些分析还表明，本研究中检测到的 DENV-2 株与 2014 年在中国和 2018 年在日本检测到的株密切相关，这表明 DENV-2 株在这些国家之间频繁传播。此外，系统进化分析表明，2014 年至 2018 年期间，至少有 5 次 DENV-2 进入沙特阿拉伯，很可能来自印度。
据我们所知，本研究首次在沙特阿拉伯的蚊子中检测到四种虫媒病毒：DENV、CFAV、PAFV 和 CxFV，表明它们在吉达共同循环。我们的研究结果表明，沙特阿拉伯需要广泛开展基于蚊子的虫媒病毒监测计划，这将提高我们对该国蚊媒虫媒病毒传播动态的认识，并有助于早期预测和减轻人类感染和爆发的风险。
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