The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Nat Plants. 2021 May;7(5):579-586. doi: 10.1038/s41477-021-00874-5. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Plants tailor their metabolism to environmental conditions, in part through the recognition of a wide array of self and non-self molecules. In particular, the perception of microbial or plant-derived molecular patterns by cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces pattern-triggered immunity, which includes massive transcriptional reprogramming. An increasing number of plant PRRs and corresponding ligands are known, but whether plants tune their immune outputs to patterns of different biological origins or of different biochemical natures remains mostly unclear. Here, we performed a detailed transcriptomic analysis in an early time series focused to study rapid-signalling transcriptional outputs induced by well-characterized patterns in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This revealed that the transcriptional responses to diverse patterns (independent of their origin, biochemical nature or type of PRR) are remarkably congruent. Moreover, many of the genes most rapidly and commonly upregulated by patterns are also induced by abiotic stresses, suggesting that the early transcriptional response to patterns is part of the plant general stress response (GSR). As such, plant cells' response is in the first instance mostly to danger. Notably, the genetic impairment of the GSR reduces pattern-induced antibacterial immunity, confirming the biological relevance of this initial danger response. Importantly, the definition of a small subset of 'core immunity response' genes common and specific to pattern response revealed the function of previously uncharacterized GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) calcium-permeable channels in immunity. This study thus illustrates general and unique properties of early immune transcriptional reprogramming and uncovers important components of plant immunity.
植物会根据环境条件调整其代谢，部分原因是通过识别广泛的自身和非自身分子。特别是，细胞表面定位的模式识别受体（PRR）对微生物或植物衍生的分子模式的感知，会诱导模式触发免疫，包括大规模的转录重编程。越来越多的植物 PRR 和相应的配体已被发现，但植物是否根据不同生物起源或不同生化性质的模式来调整其免疫输出，在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这里，我们进行了一个详细的转录组分析，在一个早期时间序列中，专注于研究模式植物拟南芥中经过充分表征的模式诱导的快速信号转录输出。这表明，不同模式（独立于其起源、生化性质或 PRR 类型）的转录反应非常一致。此外，许多由模式快速和共同上调的基因也被非生物胁迫诱导，这表明模式早期的转录反应是植物一般应激反应（GSR）的一部分。因此，植物细胞的反应首先主要是对危险的反应。值得注意的是，GSR 的遗传损伤会降低模式诱导的抗菌免疫，这证实了这种初始危险反应的生物学相关性。重要的是，定义一个对模式反应常见和特有的“核心免疫反应”基因的小子集，揭示了以前未表征的谷氨酸受体样（GLR）钙通透通道在免疫中的功能。因此，这项研究说明了早期免疫转录重编程的一般和独特特性，并揭示了植物免疫的重要组成部分。
