Ham Dong-Han
Department of Industrial Engineering, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea.
Saf Health Work. 2021 Mar;12(1):10-19. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.11.004. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
Traditional safety concept, which is called Safety-I, and its relevant methods and models have much contributed toward enhancing the safety of industrial systems. However, they have proved insufficient to be applied to complex socio-technical systems. As an alternative, Safety-II and resilience engineering have emerged and gained much attention for the last two decades. However, it seems that safety professionals have still difficulty understanding their fundamental concepts and methods. Accordingly, it is necessary to offer an introductory guide to them that helps safety professionals grasp them correctly in consideration of their current practices.
This article firstly explains the limitations of Safety-I and how Safety-II can resolve them from the four points of view. Next, the core concepts of resilience engineering and Functional Resonance Analysis Method are described.
Workers' performance adjustment and performance variability due to it should be the basis for understanding human-related accidents in socio-technical systems. It should be acknowledged that successful and failed work performance have the same causes. However, they are not well considered in the traditional safety concept; in contrast, Safety-II and resilience engineering have conceptual bases and practical approaches to reflect them systematically.
It is necessary to move from a find-and-fix and reactive approach to a proactive approach to safety management. Safety-II and resilience engineering give a set of useful concepts and methods for proactive safety management. However, if necessary, Safety-I methods need to be properly used for situations where they can still be useful as well.
传统的安全理念，即所谓的“安全 - I”及其相关方法和模型，为提高工业系统的安全性做出了很大贡献。然而，事实证明它们不足以应用于复杂的社会技术系统。作为一种替代方案，“安全 - II”和弹性工程在过去二十年中出现并受到了广泛关注。然而，安全专业人员似乎仍然难以理解它们的基本概念和方法。因此，有必要为他们提供一份入门指南，帮助安全专业人员结合当前实践正确理解这些理念。
本文首先从四个角度解释了“安全 - I”的局限性以及“安全 - II”如何解决这些局限性。接下来，描述了弹性工程的核心概念和功能共振分析方法。
工人的绩效调整及其导致的绩效变异性应成为理解社会技术系统中与人类相关事故的基础。应该认识到，成功和失败的工作绩效有相同的原因。然而，传统安全理念并未充分考虑这些因素；相比之下，“安全 - II”和弹性工程有概念基础和实际方法来系统地反映这些因素。
有必要从发现并修复的被动式安全管理方法转向主动式安全管理方法。“安全 - II”和弹性工程为主动式安全管理提供了一套有用的概念和方法。然而，如有必要，“安全 - I”方法在其仍有用的情况下也需要妥善使用。
