Jones Caitlin M, Welburn Susan C
Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.
Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Feb 26;8:618766. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.618766. eCollection 2021.
Climate change is having a substantial impact on our environment and ecosystems and has altered the way humans live, access, and utilize resources with increased risk of zoonotic infectious disease encounters. As global temperatures continue to increase, they impact on public health, migration, food security and land conflict, and as new environments become favorable, exposure to disease carrying vectors. Increased forests or natural habitat clearance for land repurposing, urbanization, road building, and water management are related to an increase in emerging vector borne parasitic diseases. The East African region remains one of the most impacted regions globally for leishmaniasis, a vector borne disease that impacts significantly on the health, wellbeing and livelihoods of affected communities and for which a lack of reporting and control interventions hinder progress toward elimination of this neglected tropical disease. As our world continues to transform, both politically and climatically, it is essential that measures are put in place to improve surveillance and disease management with implementation of control measures, including vector control, especially in low- and middle-income countries that are expected to be most impacted by changes in climate. Only through effective management, now, can we be sufficiently resilient to preventing the inevitable spread of vectors into suitable habitat and expansion of the geographical range of leishmaniasis. This review offers a current perspective on Leishmaniasis as an endemic disease in East Africa and examines the potential of the recent emergence of infection in hitherto unaffected regions to become a public health concern if no disease management is achieved.
气候变化正在对我们的环境和生态系统产生重大影响，并改变了人类生活、获取和利用资源的方式，增加了人畜共患传染病的接触风险。随着全球气温持续上升，它们对公共卫生、移民、粮食安全和土地冲突产生影响，并且随着新环境变得适宜，人们会接触到携带疾病的媒介。为了土地重新利用、城市化、道路建设和水资源管理而增加森林砍伐或清除自然栖息地，与新出现的媒介传播寄生虫病的增加有关。东非地区仍然是全球受利什曼病影响最严重的地区之一，利什曼病是一种媒介传播疾病，对受影响社区的健康、福祉和生计产生重大影响，缺乏报告和控制干预措施阻碍了消除这种被忽视的热带病的进程。随着我们的世界在政治和气候方面不断变化，至关重要的是要采取措施，通过实施控制措施，包括病媒控制，来改善监测和疾病管理，特别是在预计受气候变化影响最大的低收入和中等收入国家。只有现在通过有效的管理，我们才能有足够的复原力来防止病媒不可避免地扩散到适宜栖息地，并防止利什曼病地理范围的扩大。本综述提供了关于利什曼病在东非作为一种地方病的当前观点，并探讨了如果不进行疾病管理，最近在以前未受影响地区出现感染的情况成为公共卫生问题的可能性。
