Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Eilenburger Strasse 15a, D - 04317 Leipzig, Germany.
Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, D - 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Jun;173:89-111. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.005. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles, heterogeneous in size, shape, contents, biogenesis and structure. They are released by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and exert (patho-)physiological roles as mediators for transmitting molecular information from the producer (donor) to a recipient cell. This review focuses on the potential of EVs for delivering nucleic acids, as particularly problematic cargoes with regard to stability/protection and uptake efficacy. It highlights important properties of EVs for nucleic acid delivery and discusses their physiological and pathophysiological roles with regard to various cellular RNA species. It then describes the application of EVs for delivering a broad selection of nucleic acids/oligonucleotides, in particular giving a comprehensive overview of preclinical in vivo studies and the various strategies explored. In this context, different techniques for EV loading are discussed, as well as other important technical aspects related to EV preparation, characterization and in particular, the various approaches of artificial EV modification.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是由膜包裹的颗粒，在大小、形状、内容物、生物发生和结构上具有异质性。它们由真核和原核细胞释放，并作为传递分子信息的介质发挥（病理）生理作用，从供体细胞传递到受体细胞。本综述重点介绍了 EV 作为核酸载体的潜力，特别是在稳定性/保护和摄取效果方面，核酸作为特别有问题的货物。它强调了 EV 用于核酸传递的重要特性，并讨论了它们在各种细胞 RNA 物种方面的生理和病理生理作用。然后描述了 EV 用于递送广泛选择的核酸/寡核苷酸的应用，特别全面概述了临床前体内研究和探索的各种策略。在这方面，讨论了用于 EV 加载的不同技术，以及与 EV 制备、表征相关的其他重要技术方面，特别是各种人工 EV 修饰方法。
