INIA-CIFOR, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
ETS Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
Phytopathology. 2021 Nov;111(11):2002-2009. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-20-0445-R. Epub 2021 Nov 11.
Pathogen life history traits influence epidemic development and pathogen adaptive ability to interact with their hosts in different environments. Reduced traits variation may compromise pathogen evolutionary potential, which is particularly important for introduced pathogens. (cause of pine pitch canker) is an invasive fungal pathogen in Europe, with current distribution restricted to forest stands of and in northern Spain and Portugal. This study aimed to quantify pathogenic traits of Spanish isolates of , with two of the strains representing the two dominant haplotypes in the Spanish population. Disease severity was measured on , analyzing the influence of temperature and moisture duration on infection as well as the influence of temperature on spore germination, sporulation, and mycelial growth. Results indicated that the isolate representing the most common haplotype caused more severe disease on at 25 and 30°C compared with the second most common haplotype but caused less severe disease at 15°C. Spore germination was higher for the most common haplotype, which produced more spores at 20 and 25°C. The isolate showed hyphal melanization at 5°C, which has been associated with survival and may be important because no resting structures have been described for . Our study determined that longer moisture periods during infection result in more severe disease from 7 to 24 h, regardless of the isolate virulence. This is the first study on virulence of the most abundant haplotypes of in Spain as affected by temperatures and moisture.
病原体的生活史特征影响着传染病的发展和病原体在不同环境中与宿主相互作用的适应能力。特征变异减少可能会损害病原体的进化潜力，这对于引入的病原体尤为重要。（导致松脂溃疡病的原因）是一种在欧洲流行的真菌病原体，目前的分布仅限于西班牙和葡萄牙北部的 和 森林。本研究旨在量化西班牙 的致病特征，其中两个菌株代表了西班牙种群中的两个主要单倍型。在 上测量疾病严重程度，分析温度和湿度持续时间对感染的影响以及温度对孢子萌发、产孢和菌丝生长的影响。结果表明，代表最常见单倍型的分离株在 25 和 30°C 时比第二常见单倍型引起更严重的疾病，但在 15°C 时引起的疾病较轻。最常见的单倍型的孢子萌发率较高，在 20 和 25°C 时产生更多的孢子。该分离株在 5°C 时表现出菌丝黑化，这与生存能力有关，因为尚未为 描述休眠结构。我们的研究表明，感染过程中较长的水分期会导致 7 至 24 小时内病情加重，而与分离株的毒力无关。这是首次研究西班牙最丰富的 单倍型受温度和水分影响的毒力。
