Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, PO Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Mar 31;21(1):524. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10555-9.
This study aims to better understand the association between bullying behaviour (the bullied, the bullies and the bully-victims) and self-harm, and which protective factors moderate this association.
A total of 16,182 adolescents, aged 12 to 19 years, were invited to participate in the cross-sectional Ung-data survey. This survey covered various aspects of young people's lives. The response rate was 87%. To assess the relationship between self-harm and bulling behaviour, and psychological- and environmental covariates, we conducted logistic regression analyses. In addition, we tested for potential interaction effects between protective factors and the three bullying groups on self-harm.
Fifteen percent of participating adolescents reported engaging in self-harm during the last year. The risk of self-harm was six times higher for the "bully-victims", five times higher for the bullied, and three times higher for the bullies, compared to the "neither-bullied nor bullies". The risk of self-harm in the face of being bullied was significantly greater for girls than boys. Depression, anxiety and parental conflict accounted for some of the association between being bullied and self-harm, and between bully-victims and self-harm. School behavioural problems accounted for some of the association between the bullies and self-harm and the bully-victims and self-harm. The relationship between the bullied and self-harm was significantly moderated by parental support and school well-being, while the relationship between "bully-victims" and self-harm was moderated by school well-being.
There is a strong link between bullying and self-harm. Interventions to address bullying may reduce self-harm. Our findings also suggest that high levels of parental support and school well-being may buffer the harmful relationship between bullying behaviour and self-harm. Addressing these factors may be important in reducing the risk of self-harm among those experiencing bullying.
本研究旨在更好地理解欺凌行为（被欺凌者、欺凌者和欺凌-受凌者）与自伤之间的关联，以及哪些保护因素可以调节这种关联。
共有 16182 名 12 至 19 岁的青少年受邀参加横断面 Ung 数据调查。该调查涵盖了年轻人生活的各个方面。回应率为 87%。为了评估自伤与欺凌行为以及心理和环境协变量之间的关系，我们进行了逻辑回归分析。此外，我们还检验了保护因素与三个欺凌群体对自伤的潜在交互作用。
15%的参与青少年报告在过去一年中有过自伤行为。与“非欺凌者”相比，“欺凌-受凌者”自伤的风险高 6 倍，被欺凌者自伤的风险高 5 倍，欺凌者自伤的风险高 3 倍。与男孩相比，女孩遭受欺凌时自伤的风险更高。抑郁、焦虑和父母冲突部分解释了被欺凌与自伤之间以及欺凌-受凌者与自伤之间的关联。学校行为问题部分解释了欺凌者与自伤之间以及欺凌-受凌者与自伤之间的关联。父母支持和学校幸福感显著调节了被欺凌者与自伤之间的关系，而学校幸福感调节了“欺凌-受凌者”与自伤之间的关系。
欺凌与自伤之间存在很强的关联。针对欺凌问题的干预措施可能会减少自伤行为。我们的研究结果还表明，高水平的父母支持和学校幸福感可能会缓冲欺凌行为与自伤之间的有害关系。解决这些因素可能对减少遭受欺凌者的自伤风险很重要。
