Graduate School of Public Health, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
Unit of Rehabilitation Therapy, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 11;18(6):2858. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062858.
Gender differences in personal discrimination experience, burnout, and job stress among physiotherapists and occupational therapists are considered as associated factors of job loss, poor job quality, high turnover, and economic losses due to the outflow of medical personnel. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the level of burnout, personal discrimination experience, and job stress according to gender differences for young physiotherapists and occupational therapists. Furthermore, we used regression analyses to determine the contribution of gender differences in personal discrimination experience and job stress to self-reported burnout, considering gender and two age groups (younger than 30 years old vs. 30 years old and over).
A total of 325 professional physiotherapists and occupational therapists were part of this study ( = 325; male = 131; female = 194. Age: 20-29 years old, = 178; ≥30 years old, = 147). Data were collected using a questionnaire including our three study variables (scales: the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), a modified version of the gender section of the Medical School Graduation Questionnaire from the Association of American Medical Colleges; and the Korean version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ)). Further, data on socio-demographic factors, job-related factors, health-related factors, and subjective job satisfaction were also collected.
There were significant positive correlations between job stress and gender differences in personal discrimination experience and job stress and burnout in women 30 years old and over. Personal experience of gender discrimination (β = 0.179, = 0.015) and job stress (β = 0.162, = 0.028) explained a significant 42.4% of the variance in burnout in the case of younger female participants (20-29 years old). However, this model did not explain a significant amount of the variance in burnout in the case of younger male participants (R = 0.156, = 0.072). Regarding participants aged 30 years and over, our results showed that only job stress (but no personal experience of gender discrimination) was a relevant predictor for both males (β = 0.471, < 0.001) and females (β = 0.373, = 0.001).
In this study, female therapists showed higher levels of burnout than male therapists. In particular, personal discrimination experience and job stress significantly contributed to burnout in younger female therapists while job stress was the most relevant predictor variable of burnout for both males (under 30 years old and 30 years old and over) and females in their thirties and beyond. For young female physiotherapists and occupational therapists, safe working environments should be created to reduce work-related mental burdens. It is also necessary to consider policies and regulations that can prevent job stress for therapists and measures that can positively resolve the unavoidable job stress.
在物理治疗师和职业治疗师中，个人歧视经历、倦怠和工作压力方面的性别差异被认为是导致人员流失、工作质量差、高离职率和经济损失的相关因素，因为医疗人员外流。因此，本研究的目的是分析年轻物理治疗师和职业治疗师的性别差异与倦怠、个人歧视经历和工作压力的关系。此外，我们使用回归分析来确定性别差异在个人歧视经历和工作压力对自我报告的倦怠的贡献，同时考虑性别和两个年龄组（<30 岁和≥30 岁）。
共有 325 名专业物理治疗师和职业治疗师参与了这项研究（n=325；男性 n=131；女性 n=194。年龄：<30 岁，n=178；≥30 岁，n=147）。使用问卷收集数据，包括我们的三个研究变量（量表：职业倦怠量表（MBI）、美国医学院协会医学研究生院毕业问卷的性别部分的修正版；以及韩国版工作内容问卷（JCQ））。此外，还收集了社会人口统计学因素、工作相关因素、健康相关因素和主观工作满意度的数据。
在 30 岁及以上的女性中，工作压力与性别差异在个人歧视经历和工作压力与倦怠之间存在显著正相关。性别歧视的个人经历（β=0.179，p=0.015）和工作压力（β=0.162，p=0.028）分别解释了年轻女性参与者（20-29 岁）倦怠的 42.4%的显著差异。然而，在年轻男性参与者中，该模型并没有解释倦怠的显著差异（R=0.156，p=0.072）。对于 30 岁及以上的参与者，我们的结果表明，只有工作压力（而非性别歧视的个人经历）是男性（β=0.471，p<0.001）和女性（β=0.373，p=0.001）倦怠的相关预测因子。
在这项研究中，女性治疗师比男性治疗师表现出更高水平的倦怠。特别是，个人歧视经历和工作压力对年轻女性治疗师的倦怠有显著影响，而工作压力是男性（<30 岁和≥30 岁）和 30 岁及以上女性倦怠的最相关预测变量。对于年轻的女性物理治疗师和职业治疗师，应该创造安全的工作环境来减轻与工作相关的精神负担。还需要考虑可以防止治疗师工作压力的政策和法规，以及可以积极解决不可避免的工作压力的措施。
