School of Nursing, Portland Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 10;18(6):2802. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062802.
Engaging with nature can profoundly impact psychological and physiological health of persons across the lifespan. Greenspace interventions (GSI) encompass a broad range of strategic, nature-based activities for overall health and wellbeing. Within the past 20 years there has been a growing interest in the access to and management of greenspace to mediate the deleterious impact of acute and chronic stress, particularly, physiologic biomarkers of stress such as cortisol.
This review aims to describe the impact of greenspace interventions on cortisol, to present the current state of the science on GSIs as they impact cortisol, and to uncover any limitations of current research strategies to best inform future research.
A scoping methodology was conducted to systematically study this emerging field and inform future research by mapping the literature based on the GSI category, interventional design, cortisol metrics, and subsequent analysis of cortisol.
Considerable heterogeneity in research design, aim(s), interventional strategy, and cortisol metrics were identified from a total of 18 studies on GSIs and cortisol outcomes. While studies demonstrated a potential for the positive association between GSIs and stress relief, more rigorous research is needed to represent GSIs as an intervention to mitigate risks of stress.
与大自然互动可以深刻影响全生命周期人群的心理和生理健康。绿地干预（GSI）包含了广泛的基于自然的战略活动，以促进整体健康和幸福感。在过去的 20 年中，人们越来越关注获取和管理绿地，以减轻急性和慢性压力的不利影响，特别是压力的生理生物标志物如皮质醇。
本综述旨在描述绿地干预对皮质醇的影响，展示当前关于 GSIs 影响皮质醇的科学现状，并揭示当前研究策略的任何局限性，以为未来的研究提供最佳信息。
采用范围界定方法，根据 GSI 类别、干预设计、皮质醇指标以及随后的皮质醇分析，对这一新兴领域进行系统研究，并为未来的研究提供信息。
从总共 18 项关于 GSIs 和皮质醇结果的研究中，确定了研究设计、目的、干预策略和皮质醇指标的相当大的异质性。虽然研究表明 GSIs 与缓解压力之间存在潜在的积极关联，但需要更严格的研究来将 GSIs 作为减轻压力风险的干预措施。
