de Oliveira Sueli Aparecida, Borges Roger, Dos Santos Rosa Derval, de Souza Ana Carolina Santos, Seabra Amedea B, Baino Francesco, Marchi Juliana
Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001 Santa Terezinha, Santo André 09210580, Brazil.
Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001 Santa Terezinha, Santo André 09210580, Brazil.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Mar 16;14(6):1435. doi: 10.3390/ma14061435.
Traditional cancer treatments, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are still the most effective clinical practice options. However, these treatments may display moderate to severe side effects caused by their low temporal or spatial resolution. In this sense, photonic nanomedicine therapies have been arising as an alternative to traditional cancer treatments since they display more control of temporal and spatial resolution, thereby yielding fewer side effects. In this work, we reviewed the challenge of current cancer treatments, using the PubMed and Web of Science database, focusing on the advances of three prominent therapies approached by photonic nanomedicine: (i) photothermal therapy; (ii) photodynamic therapy; (iii) photoresponsive drug delivery systems. These photonic nanomedicines act on the cancer cells through different mechanisms, such as hyperthermic effect and delivery of chemotherapeutics and species that cause oxidative stress. Furthermore, we covered the recent advances in materials science applied in photonic nanomedicine, highlighting the main classes of materials used in each therapy, their applications in the context of cancer treatment, as well as their advantages, limitations, and future perspectives. Finally, although some photonic nanomedicines are undergoing clinical trials, their effectiveness in cancer treatment have already been highlighted by pre-clinical studies.
传统的癌症治疗方法，如手术、放疗和化疗，仍然是最有效的临床实践选择。然而，这些治疗方法可能会因时间或空间分辨率低而产生中度至重度的副作用。从这个意义上说，光子纳米医学疗法作为传统癌症治疗方法的替代方案正在兴起，因为它们在时间和空间分辨率方面具有更强的可控性，从而产生更少的副作用。在这项工作中，我们利用PubMed和Web of Science数据库回顾了当前癌症治疗面临的挑战，重点关注光子纳米医学所采用的三种突出疗法的进展：（i）光热疗法；（ii）光动力疗法；（iii）光响应药物递送系统。这些光子纳米药物通过不同的机制作用于癌细胞，如热效应以及化疗药物和引起氧化应激的物质的递送。此外，我们还介绍了应用于光子纳米医学的材料科学的最新进展，重点介绍了每种疗法中使用的主要材料类别、它们在癌症治疗中的应用，以及它们的优点、局限性和未来前景。最后，尽管一些光子纳米药物正在进行临床试验，但临床前研究已经突出了它们在癌症治疗中的有效性。
