Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2021;22(4):301-306. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1894640. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
Motorcycle helmets are the most common and effective protective device to reduce head injuries and mortality in crashes among powered two-wheeler riders. Even if they are globally recognized as effective, there are still concerns regarding their correct use, which is necessary to achieve maximum head protection. The goal of this systematic review is to assess which characteristics of helmet design and use showed a positive influence on rider safety, in order to provide insights to improve end-user helmet usage.
A literature search was carried out combining two sets of keywords, one related with either motorcycle or rider and the other referring to either protective equipment or injuries. After the exclusion of duplicates, 977 papers were screened by reviewers, thus identifying 32 papers that were analyzed in group discussions.
Among the papers included in this study, no strong conflicting conclusions emerged in their results. The studies focusing on the use of different types of helmets highlighted that full-face helmets, compared with other standard helmets, have a positive influence on head injuries and facial injuries. Correct fastening was clearly beneficial for head and facial injuries, induced injuries, and helmet ejection.
This systematic review provides important insights to improve the usage of helmets by end-users. Correct fastening is a crucial factor to avoid helmet roll-off during a crash. Most studies agreed that full-face helmets provide higher protection in comparison with other standard helmets, especially for facial injuries, and no negative influence with respect to neck and spinal injuries.
摩托车头盔是降低两轮机动车骑手在事故中头部受伤和死亡率最常见和最有效的保护装置。即使它们在全球范围内被认为是有效的，但人们仍然对其正确使用存在担忧，这是实现最大头部保护的必要条件。本系统评价的目的是评估头盔设计和使用的哪些特征对骑手安全有积极影响，以便为提高最终用户头盔使用提供思路。
通过结合两组关键词进行文献检索，一组与摩托车或骑手有关，另一组与防护设备或损伤有关。在排除重复项后，由评审员筛选出 977 篇论文，从而确定了 32 篇在小组讨论中进行分析的论文。
在本研究中纳入的论文中，其结果没有出现强烈的冲突结论。研究关注不同类型头盔的使用情况，结果表明，全盔与其他标准头盔相比，对头颈部损伤和面部损伤有积极影响。正确固定对头部和面部损伤、诱导性损伤和头盔脱落有明显的益处。
本系统评价为提高最终用户头盔使用提供了重要的思路。正确固定是避免在事故中头盔脱落的关键因素。大多数研究认为，全盔与其他标准头盔相比，能提供更高的保护，尤其是对面部损伤，并且不会对颈部和脊柱损伤产生负面影响。
