Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 3;19(15):9559. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159559.
Due to its versatility, whole-body high-intensity interval training (WB-HIIT) can be proposed to the general population and patients to improve health-related fitness. However, its effectiveness compared to traditional aerobic continuous or interval trainings has yet to be determined. A search of four electronic databases was conducted. Studies reporting the effects of WB-HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fat mass, fat-free mass, musculoskeletal fitness and metabolic risk factors were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) between WB-HIIT and no exercise or traditional aerobic trainings were calculated. A meta-regression assessed the effect of total training time on the different outcomes. Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and nineteen in the meta-analysis. Compared to no exercise, WB-HIIT improves CRF (SMD: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.28, 1.23; p < 0.001), fat-free mass (SMD: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.65; p < 0.001), fat mass (SMD: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.09, 0.72; p < 0.001) and musculoskeletal fitness (SMD: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.61, 1.08; p < 0.001). Compared to other aerobic trainings, WB-HIIT has a lower effect on CRF (SMD: −0.40; 95%CI: −0.70, −0.11; p = 0.007), a similar effect on fat-free mass (SMD: −0.04; 95%CI: −0.44, 0.35; p = 0.8) and fat mass (SMD: −0.07; 95%CI: −0.39, 0.25; p = 0.7), and a larger effect on musculoskeletal fitness (SMD: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.14, 0.71; p = 0.003). WB-HIIT overall effect and specific effect on CRF and fat mass were associated with total training time. The systematic review did not provide evidence of metabolic risk improvement. Despite a slightly lower effect on CRF, WB-HIIT is equally effective as traditional aerobic trainings to improve body composition and more effective to enhance musculoskeletal fitness, which is essential for execution of daily tasks.
由于其多功能性，全身高强度间歇训练（WB-HIIT）可以向普通人群和患者推荐，以提高与健康相关的适应性。然而，它与传统的有氧连续或间歇训练相比的有效性还有待确定。对四个电子数据库进行了搜索。纳入了报告 WB-HIIT 对心肺适应性（CRF）、脂肪量、去脂体重、肌肉骨骼适应性和代谢危险因素影响的研究。计算了 WB-HIIT 与无运动或传统有氧训练之间的标准化均数差值（SMD）。元回归评估了总训练时间对不同结果的影响。系统综述纳入了 22 项研究，荟萃分析纳入了 19 项研究。与无运动相比，WB-HIIT 可提高 CRF（SMD：0.75；95%CI：0.28，1.23；p < 0.001）、去脂体重（SMD：0.38；95%CI：0.11，0.65；p < 0.001）、脂肪量（SMD：0.40；95%CI：0.09，0.72；p < 0.001）和肌肉骨骼适应性（SMD：0.84；95%CI：0.61，1.08；p < 0.001）。与其他有氧训练相比，WB-HIIT 对 CRF 的影响较低（SMD：-0.40；95%CI：-0.70，-0.11；p = 0.007），对去脂体重的影响相似（SMD：-0.04；95%CI：-0.44，0.35；p = 0.8）和脂肪量（SMD：-0.07；95%CI：-0.39，0.25；p = 0.7），对肌肉骨骼适应性的影响较大（SMD：0.42；95%CI：0.14，0.71；p = 0.003）。WB-HIIT 的总体效果及其对 CRF 和脂肪量的特定效果与总训练时间有关。系统评价没有提供代谢风险改善的证据。尽管对 CRF 的影响略低，但 WB-HIIT 与传统有氧训练同样有效，可以改善身体成分，更有效地增强肌肉骨骼适应性，这对完成日常任务至关重要。
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