Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck surgery Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostia University Hospital, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2021 Jun;18(3):343-353. doi: 10.1007/s13770-021-00331-6. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
In recent years, three-dimensional (3D)-printing of tissue-engineered cartilaginous scaffolds is intended to close the surgical gap and provide bio-printed tissue designed to fit the specific geometric and functional requirements of each cartilage defect, avoiding donor site morbidity and offering a personalizing therapy.
To investigate the role of 3D-bioprinting scaffolding for nasal cartilage defects repair a systematic review of the electronic databases for 3D-Bioprinting articles pertaining to nasal cartilage bio-modelling was performed. The primary focus was to investigate cellular source, type of scaffold utilization, biochemical evaluation, histological analysis, in-vitro study, in-vivo study, animal model used, length of research, and placement of experimental construct and translational investigation.
From 1011 publications, 16 studies were kept for analysis. About cellular sources described, most studies used primary chondrocyte cultures. The cartilage used for cell isolation was mostly nasal septum. The most common biomaterial used for scaffold creation was polycaprolactone alone or in combination. About mechanical evaluation, we found a high heterogeneity, making it difficult to extract any solid conclusion. Regarding biological and histological characteristics of each scaffold, we found that the expression of collagen type I, collagen Type II and other ECM components were the most common patterns evaluated through immunohistochemistry on in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Only two studies made an orthotopic placement of the scaffolds. However, in none of the studies analyzed, the scaffold was placed in a subperichondrial pocket to rigorously simulate the cartilage environment. In contrast, scaffolds were implanted in a subcutaneous plane in almost all of the studies included.
The role of 3D-bioprinting scaffolding for nasal cartilage defects repair is growing field. Despite the amount of information collected in the last years and the first surgical applications described recently in humans. Further investigations are needed due to the heterogeneity on mechanical evaluation parameters, the high level of heterotopic scaffold implantation and the need for quantitative histological data.
近年来，组织工程软骨支架的三维（3D）打印旨在缩小手术差距，并提供生物打印组织，旨在满足每个软骨缺陷的特定几何和功能要求，避免供体部位发病率，并提供个性化治疗。
为了研究 3D 生物打印支架在鼻软骨缺损修复中的作用，对电子数据库中有关鼻软骨生物建模的 3D 生物打印文章进行了系统评价。主要重点是研究细胞来源、支架利用类型、生化评估、组织学分析、体外研究、体内研究、使用的动物模型、研究长度以及实验构建物的放置和转化研究。
从 1011 篇出版物中，保留了 16 项研究进行分析。关于描述的细胞来源，大多数研究使用原代软骨细胞培养物。用于细胞分离的软骨大多来自鼻中隔。最常用于支架创建的生物材料是单独的聚己内酯或聚己内酯的组合。关于机械评估，我们发现存在很高的异质性，难以得出任何确凿的结论。关于每个支架的生物和组织学特征，我们发现通过体外和体内研究的免疫组织化学评估，I 型胶原蛋白、II 型胶原蛋白和其他 ECM 成分的表达是最常见的模式。只有两项研究进行了支架的原位放置。然而，在分析的研究中，没有一个将支架放置在软骨下囊中，以严格模拟软骨环境。相反，几乎所有包含的研究都将支架植入皮下平面。
3D 生物打印支架在鼻软骨缺损修复中的作用是一个不断发展的领域。尽管在过去几年中收集了大量信息，并在最近首次在人体中进行了手术应用，但由于机械评估参数的异质性、支架异位植入水平较高以及需要定量组织学数据，还需要进一步研究。
