Landa-Blanco Miguel, Mejía Claudio J, Landa-Blanco Ana Lucía, Martínez-Martínez Carlos A, Vásquez Daniela, Vásquez Gabriela, Moraga-Vargas Paulo, Echenique Yaraní, Del Cid Glenda M, Montoya Brayan D
National Autonomous University of Honduras, Honduras.
National Autonomous University of Honduras, Honduras.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 May;277:113933. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113933. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
The purpose of the current study was to analyze the influence of coronavirus awareness, psychological stress responses, and sociodemographic variables on mental health indicators (somatization, depression, and anxiety) in residents of Honduras, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Spain.
The study used a quantitative, cross-sectional approach. Data was collected online using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18); the Coronavirus Awareness Scale-6 (CAS-6) and a questionnaire that included psychological and sociodemographic questions. The total sample size consisted of 1559 respondents from Honduras (34%), Chile (29%), Costa Rica (17%), Mexico (11%), and Spain (9%).
The most common stress domains correspond to family (22.97%), financial (22.53%), academic (16.47%), leisure time constraints (14.23%), health (12.48%), peer group (7.63%), and religious concerns (3.69%). These domains are significantly associated with the respondent's country, sex, employment status, and being or not a health worker. Respondents who reported confinement stress also reported higher scores in anxiety, depression, and somatization. The Global Severity Index was significantly predicted by confinement stress, health, academic, and leisure time-related stress, sex, age, being a health worker, COVID-19 Personal Concern, and Perceived Seriousness. Non-significant predictors were employment status, the number of people at home, presence of older adults and children at home, financial, peer group, family, and religious concerns; the regression model had an R of 0.26. Similar analyses were conducted for somatization, depression, and anxiety subscales.
The COVID-19 pandemic has adverse effects on the mental health of the general population, particularly regarding anxiety, depression, and somatization. Specific populations, such as women and healthcare workers, are at particular risk of suffering a deterioration in mental wellbeing. The implications of the study for public policy are discussed.
本研究的目的是分析冠状病毒认知、心理应激反应和社会人口统计学变量对洪都拉斯、智利、哥斯达黎加、墨西哥和西班牙居民心理健康指标（躯体化、抑郁和焦虑）的影响。
本研究采用定量横断面研究方法。通过在线方式使用简明症状量表-18（BSI-18）、冠状病毒认知量表-6（CAS-6）以及一份包含心理和社会人口统计学问题的问卷收集数据。总样本量包括来自洪都拉斯（34%）、智利（29%）、哥斯达黎加（17%）、墨西哥（11%）和西班牙（9%）的1559名受访者。
最常见的压力领域分别是家庭（22.97%）、经济（22.53%）、学业（16.47%）、休闲时间受限（14.23%）、健康（12.48%）、同龄人（7.63%）和宗教问题（3.69%）。这些领域与受访者的国家、性别、就业状况以及是否为医护人员显著相关。报告有隔离压力的受访者在焦虑、抑郁和躯体化方面的得分也更高。禁闭压力、健康、学业和休闲时间相关压力、性别、年龄、是否为医护人员、对新冠病毒的个人担忧以及感知到的严重性对总体严重指数有显著预测作用。不显著的预测因素包括就业状况、家中人数、家中是否有老年人和儿童、经济、同龄人、家庭和宗教问题；回归模型的R值为0.26。对躯体化、抑郁和焦虑分量表进行了类似分析。
新冠疫情对普通人群的心理健康有不利影响，尤其是在焦虑、抑郁和躯体化方面。特定人群，如女性和医护人员，心理健康状况恶化的风险尤其高。讨论了该研究对公共政策的启示。
