Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Entre Ríos (CITER), Monseñor Tavella 1450 (E3202 BCJ), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Monseñor Tavella 1450 (E3202 BCJ), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Apr 26;37(5):90. doi: 10.1007/s11274-021-03058-7.
A major current challenge is to increase the food production while preserving natural resources. Agricultural practices that enhance the productivity and progressively improve the soil quality are relevant to face this challenge. Trichoderma species are widely used in agriculture to stimulate the plant growth and to control different pathogens affecting crops, representing useful tools for sustainable food production. This mini-review summarizes applications of Trichoderma strains in agriculture to control fungal pathogens, nematodes and insects, the involved biocontrol mechanisms, efficacy and inoculation forms in greenhouse, field and post-harvest conditions. Aspects of Trichoderma handling that influence on biocontrol efficacy such as preventive treatments, frequency of applications and delivery methods are discussed. Strategies useful to improve the antagonistic performance such as the use of native strains, protoplast fusion, formulation, growth on pathogen cell wall medium and combination with other antagonists in integrated treatments are discussed. This mini-review provides practical knowledge to design safe and optimal biocontrol strategies based on Trichoderma and pose challenges to expand its antagonist performance.
当前的一个主要挑战是在保护自然资源的同时增加粮食产量。提高生产力和逐步改善土壤质量的农业实践对于应对这一挑战具有重要意义。木霉属物种广泛应用于农业，以刺激植物生长和控制影响作物的不同病原体，是可持续粮食生产的有用工具。本综述总结了木霉属菌株在农业中用于控制真菌病原体、线虫和昆虫的应用，涉及的生物防治机制、温室、田间和收获后条件下的功效和接种形式。讨论了影响生物防治效果的木霉属处理方面，如预防处理、应用频率和施药方法。还讨论了一些有用的策略，如使用本地菌株、原生质体融合、配方、在病原体细胞壁培养基上生长以及与其他拮抗剂联合进行综合处理，以提高拮抗性能。本综述提供了基于木霉属设计安全和优化生物防治策略的实用知识，并提出了扩大其拮抗性能的挑战。
