Institut de Philosophie, Université de Neuchâtel, 2000Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Behav Brain Sci. 2021 Apr 26;44:e47. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X20000862.
Ainslie argues there are two main kinds of willpower: suppression, which is necessarily effortful, and resolve, which is not. We agree with the distinction but argue that all resolve is effortful. Alleged cases of effortless resolve are indeed cases of what Ainslie calls habits, namely stable results of prior uses of resolve.
抑制，这是必然需要付出努力的，以及决心，这是不需要的。我们同意这种区分，但认为所有的决心都是需要付出努力的。所谓不费吹灰之力的决心其实就是安斯利所说的习惯，即之前使用决心的稳定结果。
