School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Acta Biomater. 2021 Jul 1;128:21-41. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.036. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
Electrohydrodynamic Jet 3D Printing (e-jetting) is a promising technique developed from electrospinning, which enables precise fiber deposition in a layer-by-layer fashion with customized designs. Several studies have verified that e-jetted scaffolds were able to support cell attachment, proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation, as well as cell infiltration into the scaffold due to the well-defined pores. Besides, e-jetting has also been combined with other techniques to incorporate biomaterials (e.g., hydrogels and cell spheroids) that could not be e-jetted, to promote the biological performance of the scaffold. In the recent decade, applying e-jetting in the fabrication of tissue-engineered scaffolds has drawn a lot of interest. Moreover, efforts have been put to develop varied scaffolds for some specific biomedical applications such as cartilage, tendon, and blood vessel, which exhibited superior mechanical properties and promoted cell behaviors including cellular alignment and differentiation. This review article also provides the reader with some crucial considerations and major limitations of e-jetting, such as scaffold design, printability of large-scale constructs, applicable biomaterials, and cell behaviors. Overall, this review article expounds on perspectives in the context of development and biomedical applications of this technique. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: E-jetting technique is able to produce fibers with diameter in micrometer scale, which has been considered as a promising 3D printing technique. This technique has shown promise for regeneration of tissue engineered scaffolds with well-defined structures, which has been reported to apply in regeneration of different tissue types. The superior controllability of the process endows the feasibility of constructing multi-scale scaffolds with great biological mimicry and cellular infiltration. The incorporation of other biomaterials into the e-jetted networks further reinforces the scope of applications as compared to e-jetted scaffolds only. There is no doubt that e-jetting will be a great tool for tissue engineered scaffolding, and this review article will give overall perspectives in this topic.
静电喷射 3D 打印（e-喷射）是一种有前途的技术，它源自于静电纺丝，能够以定制设计的方式进行精确的纤维逐层沉积。有几项研究已经验证，由于具有明确的孔，e 喷射支架能够支持细胞附着、增殖和细胞外基质形成，以及细胞渗透到支架中。此外，e-喷射还与其他技术结合，将无法 e-喷射的生物材料（例如水凝胶和细胞球体）纳入其中，以促进支架的生物性能。在过去的十年中，e-喷射在组织工程支架制造中的应用引起了广泛关注。此外，人们还努力开发了各种特定于生物医学应用的支架，例如软骨、肌腱和血管，这些支架表现出优异的机械性能，并促进了细胞行为，包括细胞对齐和分化。本文还为读者提供了一些关于 e-喷射的关键考虑因素和主要限制，例如支架设计、大规模构建的可打印性、适用的生物材料和细胞行为。总的来说，本文阐述了该技术在发展和生物医学应用方面的观点。
e-喷射技术能够产生直径在微米级的纤维，这被认为是一种很有前途的 3D 打印技术。该技术已显示出在具有明确结构的组织工程支架再生方面的应用前景，已被报道可用于不同组织类型的再生。该过程的卓越可控性赋予了构建具有高度仿生和细胞渗透的多尺度支架的可行性。与仅喷射 e-支架相比，将其他生物材料纳入 e-喷射网络中进一步扩大了应用范围。毫无疑问，e-喷射将成为组织工程支架的重要工具，本文将全面介绍这一主题。
