Park Robin, Da Silva Laercio Lopes, Saeed Anwaar
Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Apr 5;13(7):1715. doi: 10.3390/cancers13071715.
Advanced gastroesophageal cancer (GEC) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Immunotherapy including the anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab have been approved for use in various treatment settings in GEC. Additionally, frontline chemoimmunotherapy regimens have recently demonstrated promising efficacy in large phase III trials and have the potential to be added to the therapeutic armamentarium in the near future. There are currently several immunotherapy biomarkers that are validated for use in the clinical setting for GEC including programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression as well as the tumor agnostic biomarkers such as mismatch repair or microsatellite instability (MMR/MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB). However, apart from MMR/MSI, these biomarkers are imperfect because none are highly sensitive nor specific. Therefore, there is an unmet need for immunotherapy biomarker development. To this end, several biomarkers are currently being evaluated in ongoing trials with some showing promising predictive potential. Here, we summarize the landscape of immunotherapy predictive biomarkers that are currently being evaluated in GEC.
晚期胃食管癌（GEC）预后较差且治疗选择有限。包括抗程序性死亡-1（PD-1）抗体帕博利珠单抗和纳武利尤单抗在内的免疫疗法已被批准用于GEC的各种治疗场景。此外，一线化疗免疫疗法方案最近在大型III期试验中显示出有前景的疗效，并且在不久的将来有可能被纳入治疗手段。目前有几种免疫疗法生物标志物已在GEC的临床环境中得到验证，包括程序性死亡配体-1（PD-L1）表达以及错配修复或微卫星不稳定性（MMR/MSI）和肿瘤突变负荷（TMB）等与肿瘤无关的生物标志物。然而，除了MMR/MSI之外，这些生物标志物并不完美，因为没有一个具有高度敏感性或特异性。因此，免疫疗法生物标志物的开发仍存在未满足的需求。为此，目前正在进行的试验中对几种生物标志物进行评估，其中一些显示出有前景的预测潜力。在此，我们总结了目前正在GEC中评估的免疫疗法预测生物标志物的情况。
