Yan Yuxin, Pang Yoongxin, Lyu Zhuoyi, Wang Ruiqi, Wu Xinyun, You Chong, Zhao Haitao, Manickam Sivakumar, Lester Edward, Wu Tao, Pang Cheng Heng
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Apr 5;9(4):349. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9040349.
The highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to become a global pandemic. At present, the world is relying mainly on containment and hygiene-related measures, as well as repurposed drugs to control the outbreak. The development of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for the world to return to pre-pandemic normalcy, and a collective global effort has been invested into protection against SARS-CoV-2. As of March 2021, thirteen vaccines have been approved for application whilst over 90 vaccine candidates are under clinical trials. This review focuses on the development of COVID-19 vaccines and highlights the efficacy and vaccination reactions of the authorised vaccines. The mechanisms, storage, and dosage specification of vaccine candidates at the advanced stage of development are also critically reviewed together with considerations for potential challenges. Whilst the development of a vaccine is, in general, in its infancy, current progress is promising. However, the world population will have to continue to adapt to the "new normal" and practice social distancing and hygienic measures, at least until effective vaccines are available to the general public.
与致病性严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）相关的高传染性2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）已蔓延成为全球大流行。目前，全世界主要依靠防控和卫生相关措施以及重新利用的药物来控制疫情。COVID-19疫苗的研发对于世界恢复到大流行前的正常状态至关重要，全球已共同努力投入到针对SARS-CoV-2的防护工作中。截至2021年3月，已有13种疫苗获批使用，同时有90多种候选疫苗正在进行临床试验。本综述重点关注COVID-19疫苗的研发情况，并突出已获批疫苗的疗效和接种反应。还对处于研发后期的候选疫苗的作用机制、储存和剂量规格进行了批判性审视，并考虑了潜在挑战。虽然疫苗研发总体上尚处于起步阶段，但目前的进展很有前景。然而，世界人口将不得不继续适应“新常态”，并实施社交距离和卫生措施，至少在有效疫苗可供公众使用之前要一直如此。
