Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell'Osso (FIRMO Onlus), 50141 Florence, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 10;22(8):3909. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083909.
A harmonious balance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity guarantees optimal bone formation and resorption, pathological conditions affecting the bone may arise. In recent years, emerging evidence has shown that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role during osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis processes, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These molecules are a class of ncRNAs with lengths exceeding 200 nucleotides not translated into protein, that have attracted the attention of the scientific community as potential biomarkers to use for the future development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for several pathologies, including bone diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the lncRNAs and their possible molecular mechanisms in the osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis processes. The deregulation of their expression profiles in common diseases associated with an altered bone turnover is also described. In perspective, lncRNAs could be considered potential innovative molecular biomarkers to help with earlier diagnosis of bone metabolism-related disorders and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性之间的和谐平衡保证了最佳的骨形成和吸收，但可能会出现影响骨骼的病理状况。近年来，新出现的证据表明，表观遗传机制在成骨细胞发生和破骨细胞发生过程中发挥着重要作用，包括长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）。这些分子是一类长度超过 200 个核苷酸的 ncRNA，不翻译成蛋白质，它们作为潜在的生物标志物引起了科学界的关注，可用于未来开发几种疾病（包括骨骼疾病）的新型诊断和治疗方法。本综述旨在概述 lncRNA 及其在成骨细胞发生和破骨细胞发生过程中的可能分子机制。还描述了它们在与骨转换改变相关的常见疾病中的表达谱失调情况。展望未来，lncRNA 可以被认为是潜在的创新性分子生物标志物，有助于早期诊断与骨代谢相关的疾病，并开发新的治疗策略。
