Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India.
Maa Gayatri College of Pharmacy, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Prayagraj 211009, India.
Cells. 2023 Apr 14;12(8):1159. doi: 10.3390/cells12081159.
Stem cells' self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation are regulated by a complex network consisting of signaling factors, chromatin regulators, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Diverse role of ncRNAs in stem cell development and maintenance of bone homeostasis have been discovered recently. The ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs, micro RNAs, circular RNAs, small interfering RNA, Piwi-interacting RNAs, etc., are not translated into proteins but act as essential epigenetic regulators in stem cells' self-renewal and differentiation. Different signaling pathways are monitored efficiently by the differential expression of ncRNAs, which function as regulatory elements in determining the fate of stem cells. In addition, several species of ncRNAs could serve as potential molecular biomarkers in early diagnosis of bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone cancers, ultimately leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to explore the specific roles of ncRNAs and their effective molecular mechanisms in the growth and development of stem cells, and in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. Furthermore, we focus on and explore the association of altered ncRNA expression with stem cells and bone turnover.
干细胞的自我更新和多能性分化受由信号因子、染色质调控因子、转录因子和非编码 RNA（ncRNA）组成的复杂网络调控。最近发现，ncRNA 在干细胞发育和维持骨稳态中具有多种作用。ncRNA 如长非编码 RNA、microRNA、环状 RNA、小干扰 RNA、Piwi 相互作用 RNA 等，不翻译成蛋白质，而是作为干细胞自我更新和分化过程中的重要表观遗传调控因子发挥作用。ncRNA 的差异表达有效地监测不同的信号通路，作为调节干细胞命运的调控元件发挥作用。此外，几种 ncRNA 可作为骨质疏松症、骨关节炎和骨癌等骨疾病早期诊断的潜在分子生物标志物，最终导致新的治疗策略的发展。本综述旨在探讨 ncRNA 的特定作用及其在干细胞生长发育、成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性调控中的有效分子机制。此外，我们还关注并探讨了改变的 ncRNA 表达与干细胞和骨转换的关联。
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