Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 27;22(9):4600. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094600.
S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible post-translational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), which is a bioactive signaling molecule, to exert a variety of effects. These effects include the modulation of protein conformation, activity, stability, and protein-protein interactions. S-nitrosylation plays a central role in propagating NO signals within a cell, tissue, and tissue microenvironment, as the nitrosyl moiety can rapidly be transferred from one protein to another upon contact. This modification has also been reported to confer either tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting effects and is portrayed as a process involved in every stage of cancer progression. In particular, S-nitrosylation has recently been found as an essential regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the environment around a tumor governing the disease pathogenesis. This review aims to outline the effects of S-nitrosylation on different resident cells in the TME and the diverse outcomes in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potentials of modulating S-nitrosylation levels in tumors.
S-亚硝基化是一种由一氧化氮（NO）选择性和可逆地对蛋白质巯基进行的翻译后修饰，NO 是一种生物活性信号分子，能够发挥多种作用。这些作用包括调节蛋白质构象、活性、稳定性和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。S-亚硝基化在细胞、组织和组织微环境中传播 NO 信号中起核心作用，因为亚硝酰基部分在接触时可以迅速从一种蛋白质转移到另一种蛋白质。据报道，这种修饰既能发挥抑瘤作用，也能发挥促瘤作用，并且被描绘为参与癌症进展的每个阶段的过程。特别是，S-亚硝基化最近被发现是肿瘤微环境（TME）的一个重要调节剂，TME 是肿瘤周围的环境，控制着疾病的发病机制。本综述旨在概述 S-亚硝基化对 TME 中不同固有细胞的影响，并以依赖于上下文的方式讨论不同的结果。此外，我们将讨论调节肿瘤中 S-亚硝基化水平的治疗潜力。
