Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Ageing Res Rev. 2021 Aug;69:101348. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101348. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
Aging involves a diverse set of biological changes accumulating over time that leads to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Epigenetic clocks are now widely used to quantify biological aging, in order to investigate determinants that modify the rate of aging and to predict age-related outcomes. Numerous biological, social and environmental factors have been investigated for their relationship to epigenetic clock acceleration and deceleration. The aim of this review was to synthesize general trends concerning the associations between human epigenetic clocks and these investigated factors. We conducted a systematic review of all available literature and included 156 publications across 4 resource databases. We compiled a list of all presently existing blood-based epigenetic clocks. Subsequently, we created an extensive dataset of over 1300 study findings in which epigenetic clocks were utilized in blood tissue of human subjects to assess the relationship between these clocks and numeral environmental exposures and human traits. Statistical analysis was possible on 57 such relationships, measured across 4 different epigenetic clocks (Hannum, Horvath, Levine and GrimAge). We found that the Horvath, Hannum, Levine and GrimAge epigenetic clocks tend to agree in direction of effects, but vary in size. Body mass index, HIV infection, and male sex were significantly associated with acceleration of one or more epigenetic clocks. Acceleration of epigenetic clocks was also significantly related to mortality, cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Our findings provide a graphical and numerical synopsis of the past decade of epigenetic age estimation research and indicate areas where further attention could be focused in the coming years.
衰老是指随着时间的推移，多种生物变化逐渐积累，导致发病率和死亡率增加。表观遗传钟现在被广泛用于量化生物衰老，以研究改变衰老速度的决定因素，并预测与年龄相关的结果。许多生物、社会和环境因素都因其与表观遗传时钟加速和减速的关系而被研究。本综述的目的是综合关于人类表观遗传时钟与这些研究因素之间关联的一般趋势。我们对所有可用文献进行了系统综述，纳入了 4 个资源数据库中的 156 篇出版物。我们编制了一份目前存在的所有基于血液的表观遗传时钟清单。随后，我们创建了一个包含 1300 多项研究结果的大型数据集，在这些研究中，使用人类受试者的血液组织中的表观遗传时钟来评估这些时钟与数字环境暴露和人类特征之间的关系。我们对 4 种不同的表观遗传时钟（Hannum、Horvath、Levine 和 GrimAge）上的 57 种这样的关系进行了统计分析。我们发现，Horvath、Hannum、Levine 和 GrimAge 表观遗传钟在效应方向上趋于一致，但大小不同。体重指数、HIV 感染和男性性别与一个或多个表观遗传钟的加速显著相关。表观遗传钟的加速也与死亡率、心血管疾病、癌症和糖尿病显著相关。我们的研究结果提供了过去十年表观遗传年龄估计研究的图形和数值概述，并指出了未来几年需要进一步关注的领域。
